Pregnancy Lecture 1: Conception

Objectives Define: Fertilization, implantation, conception Identify the path the sperm from formation to the fertilization of a woman’s egg Identify early signs of pregnancy

Do Now Epididymis Uterus Vagina Vas Deferens Urethra Testes Put the following organs in order from when a sperm is made to when it fertilizes an egg: Epididymis Uterus Vagina Vas Deferens Urethra Testes Fallopian Tubes Cervix

Life’s Greatest Miracle Chapters 1-4 Chapter 1: Passing on your DNA Chapter 2: The Egg’s Journey Chapter 3: The Sperm’s Journey Chapter 4: The First Two Weeks

Vocab Fertilization Implantation Conception

#1: Fertilization When a sperm penetrates an egg to create a unique combination of genes (46 chromosomes)

#2: Implantation By the fourth or fifth day, the fertilized egg will burrow into the rich endometrium, the lining of the uterus. This “nesting” process is called implantation.

#3: Conception Conception is complete when a fertilized egg has implanted in the wall of the uterus. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Common early symptoms of Pregnancy

Common early symptoms of Pregnancy Missed period Tender, swollen breasts Fatigue Nausea with or without vomiting Increased vaginal fluid Frequent urination

Early Symptoms Failure to menstruate is usually the earliest symptom. But it should be emphasized that (1) not every woman stops menstruating completely at the very beginning of pregnancy, and (2) periods can be late, or “missed” for quite a number of reasons of which pregnancy is only one.

Early Symptoms Breast changes occur with pregnancy. The same sort of fullness and aching many women experience pre-menstrually, continues and gets more pronounced during pregnancy. The areolas (the dark area around the nipples) may get darker. The nipples may tingle.

Early Symptoms Nausea and, perhaps, vomiting may occur in early pregnancy. We call this “morning sickness” because it often, though not always, happens in the morning. Eating small, frequent meals (instead of three big meals) may help control morning sickness. Drinking plenty of fluids between meals may help, too. Tiredness is common throughout pregnancy, but especially in the first trimester.

Early Symptoms Increased vaginal fluid can be noticeable (only if it is thick, smells odd, or burns or itches isn’t likely to signal a problem). Frequent urination is a common early sign. It often disappears after two or three months and then recurs in late pregnancy.

NOTE: None of these symptoms is proof of pregnancy. They are simply signs that a woman, if she has had intercourse (or sexual touch with ejaculation on the labia) might be pregnant. One or more signs mean that she should get a pregnancy test.

Other Physical Changes Hunger is to be expected. The woman is trying to meet nutritional needs greater than (though certainly not double) her usual needs. Generally, she needs about 300 more calories per day than she did before becoming pregnant, 500 if she is under age 14 Effects of under-nutrition on the baby’s birth weight are greatest (as are most pre-natal influences) in the first trimester. A pregnant woman needs extra folic acid and calcium ... especially if she is a teen and has not finished growing herself. It is crucial that a woman not try to lose weight during pregnancy. In fact, it’s important to eat a variety of healthy foods and to gain weight; her doctor or midwife can tell her how much.

Homework Read pages145 – 149 Take notes and make sure to include all vocab words in bold. Come into class with any questions you may have. Next Class: Pregnancy 2 (Fetal development and birth)

Lecture 2: Fetal Development and Birth Pregnancy Lecture 2: Fetal Development and Birth

Objectives Briefly explain how the sex of the baby is determined Identify the physical changes in a women throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy Visualize how a baby is born

Do Now: What determines the biological sex of a baby?

Sex Determination Of each parent’s 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair are the sex chromosomes. The mother’s sex chromosomes are always a pair of X’s so when they part, to form 23 single chromosomes, each egg receives an X. Men’s sex chromosomes, on the other hand, are always a pair consisting of one X and one Y. So when the father’s chromosomes part to form spermatozoa, half the sperm receive an X and half receive a Y. Thus, an X egg fertilized by an X sperm makes an XX baby: a girl. An X egg (all eggs are X’s, remember) fertilized by a Y sperm makes an XY baby: a boy.

Life’s Greatest Miracle Chapters 5-7 Chapter 5: The Embryo Takes Shape Chapter 6: Messages in the Genes Chapter 7: Feeding the Growing Fetus

Labor and Birth

Life’s Greatest Miracle Chapters 8 Chapter 8: The Third Trimester

Homework Finish reading your handouts. Take notes! Complete questions 1-15

Lecture 3: The Choices We Make Pregnancy Lecture 3: The Choices We Make

Objectives Recognize and dispel two common myths about how teens can or cannot become pregnant Identify at least three choices available for teens facing an unplanned pregnancy and reflect on the potential consequences of each choice Explain why preventing pregnancy is easier than dealing with an unplanned pregnancy

Do Now Find someone who . . .

Short movie: “The Choices we Make” Scenarios USA: An organization that ivites teens to write stories and scripts, which if they win the annual contest, are made professionally into films. “The Choices We Make” A film about about a young couple and the choices they face.

What would you do? Imagine that Marie is your younger sister and she is writing this same journal entry to you as an email, text message or letter. Write back to Maria you advice, suggestions, or anything you’d want her to know at this point. ANONYMOUS – I will collect this and read some out loud.

Process questions Discuss the following questions with a person next to you: Did you think this situation was realistic? Why or why not? What did you think about the ending to the video? Would you have created an alternate ending? Id so What would it be? Any guesses about what you think has happened or might happen next? What choices were Maria and Trammel facing? What are are some consequences of each potential choice? What are all the thing Marie and Trammel could have done to prevent pregnancy?

Reflection In your opinion, which is easier, deciding what to do about an unplanned pregnancy or preventing pregnancy? Why?

Your close friend is having sexual intercourse with their partner, but they don’t always use condoms because their partner said that right before a girl’s period is the “safe time.” 1) Applaud your friend for using condoms most of the time, it’s better than never using them 2) Tell your friend how someone can get pregnant or an STD from just having unprotected sex just once, there is no safe time 3) Buy your friend some condoms and strongly encourage them to use them every single time 4) Tell your friend that the girl should take a pregnancy test since it might already be too late

Your good friend is pregnant, or their girlfriend is pregnant, and they are very scared about telling their Mom and come to you asking for help 1) Offer to go with friend to tell their Mom 2) Role-play with friend what Mom might say and how to handle it 3) Encourage friend to tell Mom but really, it’s their problem and you don’t want to get in the middle of it 4) Tell friend that they don’t need to tell Mom, she’ll just freak out anyway, and they can go to a clinic without anyone’s parent’s knowing about it

You friend is pregnant and just told her boyfriend, who said he’d break up with her if she has an abortion, which is what she thinks she wants to do. 1) Encourage friend to make her own choice regardless of what boyfriend threatens to do, it’s her life and her body 2) Encourage friend to do what boyfriend want since it’s his baby too 3) Talk to you friend’s boyfriend, perhaps you could diffuse the situation 4) Encourage friend to consider adoption since perhaps she hasn’t really thought about that option

Local, credible resources for pregnancy testing

Homework Due Friday 1. Quiz Next Class 2. Individual HW: Pregnancy You may use the notes you have taken in class and from your handouts. Make sure you study all vocab words and major objectives. Check the website for powerpoint presentations and objectives. 2. Individual HW: Pregnancy 3. Extra credit Parent HW: Pregnancy