Turn to page 47 in your ISN Write your detailed the response to this question: Imagine you are one of the Allies (France, US or Great Britain) The war has ended and you must now “negotiate a peace” What do you want to see happen to Germany? Include DETAILS !

Create a 4-flap foldable PPCPPC Peace of Justice Peace of Vengeance Treaty of V Versailles

Who do you think this is? What make you think that?

Who do you think this is? What makes you think that?

Based on the what you’ve observed and concluded, who else might be in this picture? What evidence supports your theories?

This is the signing of the peace treaty ending World War I It’s taking place in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France on June 28, 1919 A German official is seated on one side of the table Facing him: Georges Clemenceau (standing) Premier of France Woodrow Wilson (seated) President of the US David Lloyd George (seated with mustache) Prime Minister of UK Vittorio Orlando of Italy P aris P eace C onference

Paris Peace Conference (PPC) began on January 18, 1919 and was lead by “The Big Four” –the heads of state from Britain, France, Italy and US January 1918: President Wilson proclaimed the Fourteen Points – a speech that offered the framework for, what Wilson called, a “peace of justice”, He hoped the framework would prevent further international crises Based on liberal ideals Self-determination (nations have the right to choose their own government) National independence (new nations based on ethnic homogeneity would have to be formed) –Balkan Peninsula Hoped to create an int’l body of reps from all of the world’s countries so conflicts could be handled diplomatically Peace of justice

Wilson’s goals were in contrast to the goals of Italy’s rep, President Orlando Orlando demanded the allies honor their secret treaties they’d signed at beginning of the war Prime Minister George wanted to protect Britain’s overseas empire President Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany for its role in the war They were hoping for a “peace of vengeance”, even PM George supported France in its hopes for the treaty B and F had born the brunt of the cost of the war: US casualties in the war = 330,000 (less than F, GB or Germany had suffered in Verdun) F and GB felt they’d earned the right to determine the peace terms Arguing among the Big 4 led to Italy abandoning the Conference and Wilson leaving Europe without a peace of justice Left F and GB to negotiate peace with the Central Powers as they saw fit Peace of Vengeance

Why would the US have a more reconciling point of view than France, Great Britain or Italy? B and F had born the brunt of the cost of the war: US casualties in the war = 330,000 (less than F, GB or Germany had suffered in Verdun) F and GB felt they’d earned the right to determine the peace terms Arguing among the Big 4 led to Italy abandoning the Conference and Wilson leaving Europe without a peace of justice Left F and GB to negotiate peace with the Central Powers as they saw fit

Allies first dealt with Germany, eventually drafting the Treaty of Versailles Severe treaty that attempted to humiliate and cripple Germany France demanded security against future German aggression Germany was forced to turn over its navy Keep an army of no more than 100,000 soldiers Return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France Disarm the Rhineland (region between Rhine River and French border) France was to receive ALL COAL produced in the Saar River Valley on the F-G border for 15 years Germany forced to give up all overseas colonies to Allied countries Treaty of Versailles

Germany was forced to submit to paying war reparations Totals were not determined at the signing, meaning Germany was signing a “blank check” Eventually the bill for the war was set at 32 billion dollars Treaty included a “guilt clause” Stated Germany was responsible for all losses and damages by the Allies during the war Wilson compromised many of his ideals in exchange for the inclusion of the League of Nations In time, the PPC produced treaties with the other Central Powers– they were charged for damages, their boundaries were altered and “empires” dissolved.

Get ready for an Act-it-out! Prep your actor for your character—know who you are, what you want and why you want it When I say, “ACTION” Come take ‘assume the position’ of your character

For each of the Big 4 and the German rep, create thought bubbles that accurately reflect what each member might be thinking about the PPC and the Treaty of Versailles