Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Consolidation of Latin America,
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Consolidation of Latin America I.From Colonies to Nations II.New Nations Confront Old and New Problems III.Latin American Economies and World Markets, IV.Societies in Search of Themselves
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Consolidation of Latin America
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Colonies to Nations Causes of Political Change –American Revolution Model –French Revolution Ideology Too radical
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Colonies to Nations Causes of Political Change –Toussaint L'Overture 1791 slave revolt Republic of Haiti, 1804 –French invasion of Spain
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Spanish-American Independence Struggles Mexico –Miguel de Hidalgo 1810, alliance with Indians and mestizos –Augustín de Iturbide 1824, collapse of new state
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Spanish-American Independence Struggles Simon Bolívar –Creole –Independence movement, 1810 – , victories Gran Columbia Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador 1830, split
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Spanish-American Independence Struggles José de San Martín –Rio de la Plata –Buenos Aires, autonomous, 1810 –1816, United Provinces of Rio de la Plata 1813, Paraguay splits 1825, all Spanish colonies independent
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Brazilian Independence 1807, French invasion of Portugal –Royal family, elite, to Brazil –Rio de Janeiro, capital Kig João VI of Portugal –In Brazil until 1820 –Pedro left in Brazil as regent 1822, Pedro declares Brazil independent –Pedro I
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Nations Confront Old and New Problems Enlightenment ideals –Role of Catholic church? –Equality Slavery Indians, mestizos –Franchise Political Fragmentation
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Independent States of Latin America in 1830
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Caudillos, Politics, and the Church Caudillos –Local rulers –Sometimes ally with Indians, peasants Centralists –Strong governments Federalists –Regional authorities
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Caudillos, Politics, and the Church Liberals –Individual rights –Federalist Conservatives –Centralized state Role of church? –Civil role?
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Caudillos, Politics, and the Church Some stability –Chile Reforms, 1833 –Brazilian monarchy
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Latin American Economies and World Markets, Britain, U.S. support independence –in exchange for economic power Dependency on foreign consumers
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Latin American Economies and World Markets, Mid-Century Stagnation – –After 1850 European market creates demand –Church, conservatives slow change Landowners, peasants ally in opposition
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economic Resurgence and Liberal Politics Liberals in power, late 1800s –Auguste Comte, positivism
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico: Instability and Foreign Intervention 1824, Mexican Constitution –Federalist Conservative centralists v. liberal federalists Reforms attempted, 1830s –Opposed by Antonio López de Santa Anna, caudillo
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico: Instability and Foreign Intervention War with U.S. Benito Juárez –Zapotec Indian –Liberal revolt,1854 –New constitution, 1857 Privileges of army and church diminished Lands sold to individuals
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico: Instability and Foreign Intervention French in to assist conservatives –Maximilian von Habsburg –1867, French withdraw Maximilian executed Juárez in office to 1872
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Argentina: The Port and the Nation United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, 1816 –Liberals v. federalists –Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1831 Federalist Overthrown, 1852 –Reunification, Domingo F. Sarmiento
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Brazilian Empire Pedro I –1824, liberal constitution –Abdicates, 1831 Pedro II –Regency,
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Brazilian Empire Economic prosperity –Coffee export –Slavery intensified –Infrastructure improved Abolition –Achieved, 1888
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Brazilian Empire Republican Party –Formed, 1871 –Coup, 1889 Republic founded
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Societies in Search of Themselves Cultural Expression After Independence –Elite follow Europe 1930s, Romanticism –1870s Realism Positivism –Mass culture unchanged
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Old Patterns of Gender, Class, and Race Little change The Great Boom, –European demand Exports Foreign investors Germany, U.S., Britain
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico and Argentina: Examples of Economic Transformation Porfirio Díaz –1876, president –Foreign capital used for infrastructure –Revolt suppressed – , Civil War Electoral reform
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico and Argentina: Examples of Economic Transformation Argentina –Meat exports –Immigration Distinct culture –1890s Socialist party forms Strikes from 1910
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico and Argentina: Examples of Economic Transformation Argentina –Radical Party Middle class 1916, in power
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico and Argentina: Examples of Economic Transformation Uncle Sam Goes South –Spanish-American War, 1898 –Cuba American investment –Puerto Rico annexed –Colombia U.S. backs revolution
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: New Latin American Nations and the World Process of nation-building –Counter trend – other regions being colonized –Colonial legacy heavy in Latin America –Creation of distinctive culture