The High Middle Ages Section 1: The Crusades CHAPTER 14 The High Middle Ages Section 1: The Crusades Section 2: The Revival of Trade Section 3: The Growth of Towns Section 4: Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Section 5: Wars and the Growth of Nations Section 6: Challenges to Church Power

Question: What causes and effects led to the First Crusade? SECTION 1 The Crusades Question: What causes and effects led to the First Crusade?

SECTION 1 The Crusades Turks gain control of Palestine and threaten Constantinople. The emperor asks the pope for help. Some 10,000 Europeans take up the cause. Pope Urban asks European lords to free the Holy Lands from the Turks.

Question: What were some reasons for the revival of trade in Europe? SECTION 2 The Revival of Trade Question: What were some reasons for the revival of trade in Europe?

The Revival of Trade SECTION 2 Italian ships brought goods back from Asia. Viking ships brought Asian goods to northern Europe. The Crusades stimulated trade. Revival of Trade Flanders became a meeting center of different trade routes. The Hanseatic League set up trading posts.

Question: What factors contributed to the decline of serfdom? SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories The Growth of Towns Question: What factors contributed to the decline of serfdom?

The Growth of Towns SECTION 3 The Decline of Serfdom Serfs could leave for towns. Serfs could earn money by selling crops to townspeople. Changing agricultural methods pushed them off the land. The Black Death killed many people in Europe so the demand for workers increased.

SECTION 4 Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Question: What are some types of literature that were common in the Middle Ages?

Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages SECTION 4 Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages Kind of Literature Characteristics Example troubadour songs poems about love and chivalry love songs romances fictional stories, sometimes of heroes King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table fabliaux short comic stories written in rhymed verse “Reynard the Fox” national epic long poem about a hero The Song of Roland miracle, morality, and mystery plays short dramas with religious or Biblical themes “Noah’s Flood”

Question: What events led to the rise of the Habsburgs? SECTION 5 Wars and the Growth of Nations Question: What events led to the rise of the Habsburgs?

Wars and the Growth of Nations SECTION 5 Wars and the Growth of Nations A Habsburg was elected emperor in 1273. The Habsburgs used their position to arrange marriages with powerful families. Through marriage the Habsburg family gained control of Austria and nearby lands. More well-planned marriages gave the Habsburgs control of much of the empire’s territory. The Habsburgs became the most powerful family in Europe.

SECTION 6 Challenges to Church Power Question: In what ways were John Wycliffe and Jan Hus alike and different?

Challenges to Church Power SECTION 6 Challenges to Church Power John Wycliff Jan Hus  royal court defended him  teacher  angered clergy  promoted English Bible attacked church abuses  accused of heresy  burned at the stake  banned, not executed

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 14 1. How did the Crusades promote an exchange of ideas and goods? 2. How did the growth of trade and towns bring changes to the feudal and manorial systems? 3. What groups lost power as Europe’s kings established strong nations?