Rise of Nationalism Chapter 12.1

Era of Good Feelings After War of 1812 a period of relative peace settled on America Two border disputes were settled w/o war Canada Rush-Bagot Agreement Limited Naval power on the Great Lakes The Convention of 1818 established fishing rights off the Atlantic Coast and established the 49th parallel as the boundary to the Rocky Mountains Spain Americans wanted to move into Florida (Spain no longer had troops there and Seminole Indians often helped runaway slaves

During negotiations over settlement, Andrew Jackson led troops over border and into Florida After protests, Spain decided to give Florida to the U.S. in exchange for the U.S. giving up claims to Texas and agreeing to pay $ 5 million ($5,000,000) towards claims by U.S. citizens against Spain – Adams-Onis Treaty

Monroe Doctrine By 1822, only Bolivia remained as a Spanish colony in Latin America. All the others had declared independence. In the Caribbean, however, several islands remained under Spanish control, most notably Cuba and Puerto Rico. (a revolutionary fighter named Simon Bolivar helped in many of these fights for independence) Fearing that European countries might try to retake these countries both Britain and the U.S. agreed that limiting European influence in the Western Hemisphere would be good

The Monroe Doctrine stated: The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization The political system of the Americas was different from Europe The United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Missouri Compromise As Americans moved westward, regional conflicts soon arose over: Whether the new territories/states would allow slavery or be free 1819 – 22 states were in the Union 11 Free (IN, IL, OH, PA, NJ, NY, MA, CT, RI, VT, NH) More representatives in Congress due to pop. 11 Slave (DE, VA, NC, SC, GA, AL, MS, LA, TN, KY, MD) In the continuing fight over slavery (and it will get worse) is how to admit Missouri The House controlled North would admit it only if further importation of slaves was prohibited The Senate rejected this measure

Henry Clay proposed this compromise Admit Missouri as a slave state if Maine was admitted as a free state. It also prohibited slavery above the 36°30° This avoided the issue of slavery for now, but many saw that it would be a huge issue in the future

Henry Clay would be involved in politics for another 30 yrs or so A believer in the American System Using proceeds from a protective tariff, the nation would make internal improvements to help transportation and unite the regions of the U.S. together Election of 1824 2nd election to go to the house of representatives The other was Jefferson’s! A. Jackson, J. Q. Adams, H. Clay, H. Crawford ran None had enough electoral votes; Clay not in top three Clay put support behind J.Q. Adams (and electors) J.Q. Adams won, but controversy broke out because H. Clay became Secretary of State

Jacksonian Democracy Election of 1828 Jackson’s supporters mainly farmers and slaveholders – many thought election of 1824 was “stolen” from him Start of the Democratic party Jackson seen as a “common person”

Jackson’s election was dirty Accused of adultery Ordering the executions of militia members in the War of 1812 Duels He aligned himself with Martin Van Buren of NY to appeal to northern workers After the election he rewarded supporters with government jobs –spoils system

Nullification issue Jackson and his vice-president John Calhoun soon differed on many policies, among them was the issue of protective tariffs South against this as they depended upon imports due to little industry Southern states (led by Calhoun) claimed to have the right to nullify federal laws they didn’t agree with