1. Nationalism

2. I. Nationalism - a feeling of pride in one’s country
A. The American System
Written by Henry Clay of Kentucky to make U.S. stronger (during Madison’s Presidency)
tariff (tax on goods)
national bank
improve transportation systems (roads and canals)
Set up to make the country stronger

5. B. James Monroe Elected President - 1816
Served 2 terms (reelected in 1820)
“Era of Good Feelings”
Major issue of Monroe presidency: to secure America’s borders
Canada (Britain)
Florida (Spain)
Monroe was reelected once and served 2 terms
Reminded some of George Washington-both from VA, tall, incredibly honest.
Last president who was a founding father
Was Secretary of State, Secretary of War
People liked him-the idea that he was handsome, kind, had fought bravely as a soldier in the Rev War, studied law with TJ, served in the VA General Assembly when the Const was ratified.

6. II. Foreign Affairs A. U.S. and Britain Rush-Bagot Agreement - 1817
Limit naval power on Great Lakes - no warships
Several treaties were signed after the War of 1812
The beginning of amazing relations between the U.S. and Britain
War of 1812 would be the last time the two countries fight each other
R-B Agreement also led to U.S. and Britain sharing the Oregon Territory

7. Convention of 1818 U.S. border set (at 49ºN) west to Rocky Mountains
Joint occupation of Pacific Northwest

8. B. U.S. and Spain Seminole Indians in Florida:
Americans wanted Florida
Very few Spanish soldiers guarding it
Seminole Indians in Florida:
raided Georgia settlements
helped runaway slaves hide
Secretary of War John C. Calhoun (important later) sent General AJ into Florida.
Jackson was on Spanish soil-he was only supposed to capture runaway slaves.
He learned to fight as the Indians had fought-he burned villages, destroyed crops, captured, killed, and humiliated the Seminoles.

9. First Seminole War
Some Americans were upset and thought Jackson had gone too far. The Spanish were really upset.
President Monroe sent his Sec of State, John Quincy Adams, to negotiate.
Monroe sent A. Jackson to secure Florida border
Instead Jackson invaded Florida to capture Seminoles
Overthrew Spanish governor and captured forts
Did not have authority to do this

10. Adams-Onis Treaty
Negotiated by John Q. Adams, Secretary of State
Spain gave up Florida to U.S.
U.S. gave up claims to Texas
U.S. canceled $5 million of Spanish debt
Treaty was result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territory.
Spanish power was weakening in the New World.
Spain was allowed to hold TX, CA, and other western lands
They had no choice-Spain was too weak to fight.
General Andrew Jackson was named governor of the new U.S. territory (FL).
Many Americans wanted to move to FL
Seminoles were forced to move south to an inland reservation on sandy land where crops hardly grew.
Soon many were starving.

11. C. Spain’s Other Problems
Colonies in Central, South America (“Latin America”)
inspired by U.S. Dec. of Independence, they rebelled
Many rebellions were led by Simon Bolivar - “the George Washington of South America”
Mexican Independence
By 1822, all Spanish colonies in Latin America won independence
U.S. feared Europe would take over these new countries
After the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain and Portugal had difficulty controlling their colonies in South and Middle America
One by one they had revolutions and became independent nations.
As soon as that happened, other European countries began to look greedily at those Latin-American nations.
Monroe and Adams decided they needed to do something to keep Europe out of the Americas
Dec 1823 Monroe gave a speech to Congress and said Amer continents were closed to other nations.
Told European countries they were not welcome to look for colonies in this hemisphere.
Said U.S. would not interfere in europe’s affairs, so europe should keep its hands off Amer.
Latin American countries started fighting for their independence from Spain

12. D. Monroe Doctrine
Declared by Monroe at the State of the Union Address
No colonization of North or South America (Western Hemisphere)
Attempt to colonize = hostile act against U.S.
U.S. would stay out of European affairs