 Technically “the writing of the earth”  Focuses on location/space and understanding the “why” and the “how” of the physical world.  Encompasses many fields: Climate-Geology-hydrology Economics-Biology-Politics

 Focuses on how humans react to their environment  How we occupy and exploit our physical environment  Looks for spatial patterns on the Earth to understand how humans live

A place has a specific position on the globe and a specific relationship to other places. Latitude: the distance of any point north or south of the equator, measured up to 90 degrees  Lines of latitude: Tropic of Cancer (in the north), Equator, Tropic of Capricorn  The equator divides the Earth into north and south hemispheres Longitude: the distance of any point east or west of the Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian divides the Earth into east and west hemispheres

Used together they form a grid The grid can be used to accurately locate the position of places on the Earth To locate places very accurately, each degree of latitude can be divided into 60 minutes (’), and each minute into 60 seconds (”). Coordinates always with the N-S position first, followed by the E-W position  E.g. 44˚25’14” N, 80˚45’36”W  Try finding the location of Toronto on p. 44 to the minute (each cell is 1 ˚ by 1˚) (use the airport symbol)  Now try finding the location for Edmonton on p. 37 of your atlas to the minute (each cell is 5 ˚ by 5˚)

1. Places have a location 2. Places have physical and cultural characteristics 3. Places change 4. Places interact with other places 5. Places are in regions

Physical Characteristics: Landforms (mountains, hills, valleys, etc) Bodies of Water Soil/Rock Types Minerals Human Characteristics “ cultural landscape” What ways do you think people affect the landscape?

Nothing in nature stays the same Landforms and vegetation Political boundaries & human settlement Humans changing the natural environment

In the past, size and location determined a place’s level of contact with the rest of the world

Region- an area that shares similar characteristics (the coast, the interior, the prairies) Can classify regions many ways (physical or cultural) How? Physical: Climate, landforms, vegetation Economic Government Political (NAFTA or ASEAN) Cultural/Linguistic

PAGE 95 1, and 2 PAGE 98 1a, 1b, and 3

Study the following ideas. Next class you will have a quiz: North/South Pole Hemisphere Latitude Longitude Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Prime Meridian Global Positioning System(GPS) Vegetation Region 5 characteristics of geography

-Igneous-Sedimentary-Metamorphic

 Some of the oldest rock in the world:  970 million-2.85 billion years old

Test Format PART I: MAP OF CANADA (26 marks) Just like the map quiz PART II: Multiple choice (30 marks) 30 questions PART III: Paragraph answer (6 marks)