Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation Chapter 14: Renaissance & Reformation

RENAISSANCE 1300s “rebirth”

Section 1: Renaissance in Italy Begins in Italy  spreads north to Europe Why Italy? New interest in Rome and its “remainders” Cities survive the Middle Ages North  Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade & manufacturing Central  Rome; South  Naples   cultural center Wealthy and Powerful merchant class stress education and achievement spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Florence Center of Renaissance Medici Family Medici Family – richest merchant and banking family gain full control government patron – financial supporter of the arts

What is the Renaissance?  Plague ends  want order  look back to Greece and Rome HUMANISM – HUMANISM – focus on worldly subjects not religious; focus on intellect and education; use ancient ideas in their world Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity Human experience in the here and now PETRARCH – early Humanist  collects Greek and Roman manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman

Renaissance Characteristics Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style Everyday individuals Columns, arches, domes Shading and shadows Live models – more accurate human portrayal Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style Everyday individuals Columns, arches, domes Shading and shadows Live models – more accurate human portrayal Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting

Perspective Vanishing point

The Totally Masterful New Talents TMNT Raphael Donatello Michelangelo Leonardo

Donatello DAVID very Early Renaissance Life - size Realistic

Leonardo DaVinci Born in 1452 “Renaissance Man” Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany; Optics; Architecture; Music; Engineering Born in 1452 “Renaissance Man” Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany; Optics; Architecture; Music; Engineering

The Last Supper

Mona Lisa The Annunciation

Scientific and Anatomical Study

INVENTOR: Machine gun Armored tank Cluster bombs Submarine Calculator Car Use of solarpower

Michelangelo Born in 1475 Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet Fresco – applying paint to fresh plaster usually on a wall Born in 1475 Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet Fresco – applying paint to fresh plaster usually on a wall

DavidPieta

The Sistine Chapel Garden of Eden The Creation

Sistine Chapel: The Last Judgement

Raphael Studied the works of Michelangelo and Raphael Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna Studied the works of Michelangelo and Raphael Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna

School of Athens

Italian Writers Catiglione – The Book of the Courtier - describes how to act as a member of the royal court; describes ideal man and woman Catiglione – The Book of the Courtier - describes how to act as a member of the royal court; describes ideal man and woman Machiavelli – The Prince - guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power - looks at real rulers - the ends justifies the means; do not have to keep promises

Section 2: The Renaissance Moves North Begins in Flanders (near North France) Spain, France, Germany, and England begin Renaissance in 1500s Begins in Flanders (near North France) Spain, France, Germany, and England begin Renaissance in 1500s

Albrecht Durer “ German Leonardo” Traveled to Italy to learn about art and techniques(1494) Engravings – etch design into metal plate with acid and makes prints. Portrays religious upheaval. “ German Leonardo” Traveled to Italy to learn about art and techniques(1494) Engravings – etch design into metal plate with acid and makes prints. Portrays religious upheaval.

Flemish Painters Jan & Hubert van Eyck - portray townspeople and realistic images -Develop oil paint Jan & Hubert van Eyck - portray townspeople and realistic images -Develop oil paint

Pietr Bruegel - Bright colors in portrayal of peasant life

Peter Paul Rubens - Blends ideas of Bruegel and Italian Renaissance

Northern Humanists ERASMUS (Dutch) - produces New Testament in Greek - wants translation of Bible into vernacular – everyday language of ordinary people - chief duty =be open minded and of good will toward others - The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show the ignorant and immoral behavior of his day ERASMUS (Dutch) - produces New Testament in Greek - wants translation of Bible into vernacular – everyday language of ordinary people - chief duty =be open minded and of good will toward others - The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show the ignorant and immoral behavior of his day

Thomas More -Wants social reform -Utopia – describes ideal society where men and women live in peace and harmony; everyone is educated; -Utopian – describes an ideal society Thomas More -Wants social reform -Utopia – describes ideal society where men and women live in peace and harmony; everyone is educated; -Utopian – describes an ideal society

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE plays -Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) -History (Richard III) -Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth) -1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick plays -Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) -History (Richard III) -Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth) -1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick

CERVANTES Spain – early 1600s Don Quixote – mocks chivalry Knight who pretends to be on an adventure –Fights a windmill Spain – early 1600s Don Quixote – mocks chivalry Knight who pretends to be on an adventure –Fights a windmill

Printing revolution Chinese make books first By 1300 – papermaking in Europe By 1400s – Germans invent movable type 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type Chinese make books first By 1300 – papermaking in Europe By 1400s – Germans invent movable type 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type

Literacy Revolution More books = cheaper books = more people read and write!!!!! Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to new things for the first time) More books = cheaper books = more people read and write!!!!! Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to new things for the first time) Protestant Reformation