Pongphol Pongthaisong Animal Immunology 6 Feb 2014

HIV/AIDS Worldwide General information of AIDS AIDS and Immunity

HIV/AIDS Worldwide 38 million people live with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 70% of the people living with HIV. 2.1 million children are infected with HIV/AIDS in the world

Top HIV/AIDS-Infected Countries 1. South Africa 2. Nigeria 3. Zimbabwe 4. Tanzania 5. The Congo 6. Ethiopia 7. Kenya 8. Mozambique Source: Steinbrook R. The AIDS epidemic in NEJM. 2004;351: United States 10.Russian Federation 11.China 12.Brazil 13.Thailand Sub- Saharan Africa

Acquired - because it's a condition one must acquire or get infected with, not something transmitted through the genes Immune - because it affects the body's immune system, the part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses Deficiency - because it makes the immune system deficient Syndrome - because someone with AIDS may experience a wide range of different diseases and opportunistic infections

AIDS is the final stage Pathogenesis of HIV infection

CD4 Count in HIV infection The CD4 cell, also known as "T4" or "helper T cell“ is responsible for signaling other parts of the immune system to respond to an infection. Initially in HIV infection there is a sharp drop in the CD4 count and then the count levels off to around cells/mm (normal ) CD4 count is a marker of likely disease progression. CD4 percentage tends to decline as HIV disease progresses. CD4 counts can also be used to predict the risks for particular conditions such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CMV disease or MAI disease. Treatment decisions are often based on Viral Load and CD4 count.

Natural History of Untreated HIV Infection