2. AIDS  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome  Must have HIV first to develop AIDS

3. HIV  Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Retrovirus attacks the helper T-cells  Helper T-cells help B-cells which increase antibody production & help increase production of Killer T-cells  Killer T-cells: lysis (breakdown) of foreign cells

4. HIV Replication  Can only get into cells with certain markers  Virus incorporates its envelope into the cell membrane  Makes mistakes  Main target—Helper T cells (CD4+)

5. Progression of any HIV Infection  Stage Initial infection  Stage Asymptomatic  Stage,, and Swollen lymph nodes Chronic disease AIDS—below 200 helper T-cells

6. AIDS—indicator diseases  Progression from HIV to AIDS  Pneumocystis carini (PCP) Fungal pneumonia  Kaposis soroma (KS) Skin cancer—deeper in tissues

7. Statistics—U.S.  80% between ages 20- 44  88% are males  1/3 of people don’t know they are infected  40,000 new HIV infections each year ½ younger than 25

8. More stats—U.s.  Of new infections of men 25% injection drug use 75% sexual intercourse 30% white males 50% black males  Of new infections of women 75% sexual intercourse 25% injection drug use 64% black women 18% white women

9. Stats again  2006, 4.3 million new cases of AIDS were adolescents/adults  2000, 196 new pediatric AIDS  Number of deaths fell from 67% from 1995-1999 Stats from: www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/aidsstat.htm

10. HIV Transmission  Not easy to “catch”  Must have infected fluids and a way in: Blood Semen Vaginal fluids Breast

11. HIV Transmission  Entry points Cut/punctured skin Rectum Vagina Lining of male urethra Mouth

12. Treating HIV  Block binding and entry points of virus  Interfere with nucleic acids: nucleoside analogs  Interfere with protein manufacture: Norvir

13. AIDS in Africa 334.3 million people in the world have AIDS 24.5 million in sub-Saharan Africa 119 million people have died from AIDS, 3.8 million under the age of 15 55.4 million new AIDS infections in 1999, 4 million of them in Africa 113.2 million children orphaned by AIDS, 12.1 million of them in sub-Saharan Africa

14.  Reduced life expectancy in sub- Saharan Africa from 59 to 45 and Zimbabwe from 61 to 33  More than 500,000 babies infected in 1999 by their mothers—most in sub-Saharan Africa  Info from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2 000/aids/stories/overview /

15. AIDs in africa