BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? Professor Marc C Lavoie

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What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms could be unicellular or pluricellular

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures Characteristic Prokaryote Eukaryote a. ChromosomeSingle circular Paired linear b. Chromosome location Nucleoid (no membrane) Nucleus (membrane present) c. Nucleolus Absent Present d. Extra chromosomal DNA Plasmid Mitochondria and Chloroplast e. Site of Cellular Respiration Cell membrane Mitochondria f. Ribosomes 30S & 50S /70 S40S & 60S /80 S in cytoplasm (70 S in organelles) g. LocomotionRotating flagella and gliding Undulating flagella and cilia, and also amoeboid movement h. Pili Sex or attachment pili Absent

5.1 Cytoplasmic membrane

5.2 Cell wall

5.3 Chromosomes

5.4 Ribosomes 40S 60S 80S

5.4 Ribosomes

5.5 Nucleus

5.6 RNA-polymerase Eukaryotes more complex than Prokaryotes

BacteriaArchaeaEukarya

5.7 Cilia and flagella

5.8 Mitochondria

FlatTubularDiscoid

5.8 Chloroplast

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication

Budding

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms life cycles

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism ENERGY SOURCEELECTRON DONNORCARBON SOURCE ORGANISMS PROKARYOTES AUTO- ALGAE (CO 2 )CERTAIN PROTISTS LITHO- Plants PHOTO- (Light) (Inorganic compounds and C 1 ) HETERO- (CH 2 O) n None ORGANO-AUTO- None (Organic compounds) HETERO-Prokaryotes AUTO-Prokaryotes LITHO-HETERO- Prokaryotes CHEMO- (Chemical compounds) AUTO- Prokaryotes ORGANO- Prokaryotes MOST PROTISTS HETERO-FUNGI Plants (non-chlorophyllic) Animals

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? 1.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic 3.Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or pluricellular 4.Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures 6.Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism 8.Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity

Adl et al 2005

Embley & Martin 2006

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Amoeboid locomotion generally with non-eruptive morphologically variable pseudopodia (lobopodia) AMOEBOZOA

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OPISTOKONTA Single posterior cilium without mastigonemes FUNGI, CHOANOZOA, AND ANIMALS

OPISTOKONTA FUNGI CHOANOZOA ANIMALS

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RHIZARIA With fine pseudopodia (filopodia) varying as simple, branching, anastomosing, or supported by microtubules (axopodia).

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ARCHAEPLASTIDA Photosynthetic plastid with chlorophyll a from an ancestral primary endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium –plastid secondarily lost or reduced in some –usually with cellulose cell wall –flat cristae –storage product: starch GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS

ALGAE

GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS ARCHAEPLASTIDA

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CHROMALVEOLATA Plastid from secondary endosymbiosis with an ancestral archaeplastida

ALVEOLATES

CHROMALVEOLATA Dinoflagellates Apicomplexa Ciliates

A typical ciliate Paramecium

A flagellate: Trypanosoma

CHROMISTA Diatoms Brown algae Oomycetes

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EXCAVATA Typically with suspension-feeding groove (cytostome) of the ‘‘excavate’’ type (i.e. homologous to that in Jakoba libera), presumed to be secondarily lost in many taxa

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? REFERENCE: MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, & PARKER, J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10 th ed, 2003, PRENTICE HALL, p PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC. Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001, Sinauer Assiciates Inc., p

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? WEB Sites: yfission.htmlhttp://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binar yfission.html chapter17/deluxe.htmlhttp://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brock2/ chapter17/deluxe.html ages/101lab1.htmlhttp:// ages/101lab1.html cultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html- files/chapterA-1.htmlhttp:// cultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html- files/chapterA-1.html

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? WEB Sites: 15.htmlhttp:// 15.html ll.gifhttp://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/Plantce ll.gif kCELL2.html#The nucleus Transcription7.htmlhttp://mbclserver.rutgers.edu/~sofer/genetics/Transcription/ Transcription7.html

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? WEB Sites: LGAE.jpghttp://pearl.spatial.maine.edu/pictures/glossary/A LGAE.jpg