2. Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

3. For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows. Water Molds (Oomycota)

4. Characteristics Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes (80s) Unicellular, Colonial, and Multicellular types Four Supergroups: Excavata SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria) Archaeplastida (includes land plants) Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)

7. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia “excavated” groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton) haploid

8. ex. Trichimonas (Causes Trichomoniasis) “excavated” groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, ___________ __________) Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Parabaslids Undulating Membrane

9. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa “excavated” groove on one side of the body Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod 2 Groups: – Euglenids – Kinetoplastids

10. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Euglenids ex. Euglena (anterior pocket with flagella)

11. ex. ___________ (single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA) Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Kinetoplastids Trypanosoma

12. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Contain Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface 3 Groups: – Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates

13. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: _____________ (2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll) Dinoflagellates

14. group: Apicomplexans ex. __________ (parasitic, apical structure) Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Plasmodium

16. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)

17. Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Have hair- like projections on flagella Four Groups: – Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) – Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) – Water Mold (Oomycetes) Supergroup: SAR Clade: _____________ Stramenopiles

18. Overlapping silica test pigments: carotene, xanthophyll, -Diatomaceous earth, -Filters -Fertilizing the oceans Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Diatoms

19. cell wall: ________ pigments: carotene, xanthophyll Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) Silica

20. cell wall: cellulose, algin Alternation of generations Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Brown Algae

21. pigments:none cell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s) Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Water Molds (Oomycota)

22. Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding Groups: – Cercozoans – Foraminiferans – Radiolarians SAR (Rhizaria)

23. Supergroup: SAR Group: Cercozoans Plastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3 rd from alga’s plasma membrane 4 th from heterotrophic food vacuole.

24. porous shells – made of ____________ Supergroup: Rhizaria Group: Foraminiferans (Forams) Calcium Carbonate

25. Actinopods (fused plates – silica with axopodia) Supergroup: Rhizaria Group: Radiolarians

26. Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium Three Groups: – Red Algae (Rodophyta) – Green Algae (Chlorophyta) – Land Plants Supergroup: Archaeplastida

27. Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Rhodophyta (Red) Red Algae Phycoerythrin

28. Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Chlorophyta (& Charophytes) Green Algae Have Chloroplasts similar to plants

29. Supergroup: Unikonta Very Diverse Group Molecular Systematics links groups (but highly debatable) – Two Clades: Amoebozoans Opisthokonts

30. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________ Pseudopodia

31. Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal Plasmoidial – NOT ________________ From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei – diploid Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Multicellular

32. Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal ___________ (feed like individual amoebas) – aggregate to breed or during stress Haploid Organisms Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Cellular

33. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Most are Free-living Amoebas

34. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Most are parastic amoebas Entamoeba histolytica 3 rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis

35. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids Group:Choanoflagellates Very Diverse Group: Nuceariids = most closely related to Fungi Choanoflagellates = most closely related to animals

36. Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids

37. Similar in morphology and DNA to animals Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Choanoflagellates