1. Compound Light Microscope

2. Making a Wet Mount Slide Cover Slip Lower slowly

3. Microscope Basics: (On other PP) A. field of view—how much of the slide you are able to see through the microscope -The lower the magnification, the wider the field of view is. B. resolution—the sharpness of the image as seen through the microscope

4. The Cell I.History of the Microscope A. Robert Hooke (1665) gave the cell its name after looking at cork through his simple microscope.

5. Hooke’s Microscope

6. B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek improved the microscope; was the first to describe bacteria and red blood cells. C. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus.

7. Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope

8. D. Schleiden (botanist) and Schwann (zoologist) and Virchow—Their work led to the cell theory. E. Electron microscopes were invented in 1940.

9. Scanning Electron Microscope (Open)

10. Influenza virus

11. Tobacco Mosaic Virus

12. Salmonella Bacteria

13. Diatom

14. Flea

15. II. The Cell Theory states: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

16. III. Two Basic Cell Types A.Prokaryote—NO nucleus; NO membrane-bound organelles ex: bacteria B.Eukaryote—Has a nucleus; has membrane-bound organelles ex: protists, fungi, plants, animals

17. IV. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells A. Plant cells have cell walls. Animal cells do NOT. B. Plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells. C.Plant cells have chloroplasts. Animal cells do NOT. D. Lysosomes are found in animal cells—NOT plant cells.

18. V. Multicellular Organization Cells—tissues—organs—systems

19. Letter "e" This is the way the letter should have appeared under the microscope in the wet mount slide lab.

20. VI. Organelles/Cell Parts 1. Cell membrane (or plasma membrane) a. Structure: 2 layers of lipids with proteins b. Function: 1. boundary for the cell 2. selectively permeable—allows only certain things in or out

21. Plasma Membrane

22. 2. Nucleus a. Structure: large; near center of cell; surrounded by nuclear membrane (envelope) b. Function: 1. contains DNA in the form of chromatin or chromosomes 2. controls cell activities 3. Cytoplasm (or cytosol) a. Structure: jelly-like material b. Function: site of most chemical reactions in cell

24. 4. Nucleolus a. Structure: small, inside the nucleus b. Function: makes ribosomes (rRNA) 5. Ribosomes a. Structure: tiny, round bodies; NOT bound by a membrane b. Function: make protein

26. 6. Endoplasmic reticulum 2 Kinds: rough—has ribosomes smooth—no ribosomes a. Structure: folded sacs that are connected to one another b. Function: transports substances within the cell

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum

28. Golgi body

29. 7. Golgi Apparatus (complex or bodies) a. Structure: stacks of sacs—NOT connected b. Function: processes and packages protein 8. Mitochondria (has its own DNA) a. Structure: oval-shaped; two membranes— the inner one is folded (cristae) b. Function: supplies cell with energy (through aerobic respiration) cristae

30. Mitochondrion

31. 9. Lysosomes “suicide sacs” (In animals; NOT in plants) a. Structure: small spheres b. Function: contain digestive enzymes; digest bacteria, worn-out cell parts, etc. 10. Vacuoles a. Structure: small spheres (animals); large (plants) b. Function: used for storage

32. Lysosome

33. Vacuole

34. 11. Cell wall (NOT in animal cells) a. Structure: thick, rigid; surrounds cell membrane b. Function: supports and strengthens cell 12. Cilia (cilium-singular) a. Structure: short and hair-like b. Function: used for movement OR to help move substances past the cell

35. Cilia Cilia covering a Paramecium

36. Flagella Flagella on Giardia ←

37. Flagellum Structure

38. 13. Flagella (flagellum-singular) a. Structure: long and whip-like b. Function: used for movement 14. Chloroplasts (a type of plastid) Plastids contain pigments. a. Structure: oval-shaped b. Function: site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll (a green pigment)

40. 15. Microtubules (part of cytoskeleton) a. Structure: long, slender tubes b. Function: 1. give cell shape and support 2. form spindle fibers during cell division 16. Microfilaments (part of cytoskeleton) a. Structure: fine, thread-like b. Function: 1. help shape and support cell 2. cytoplasmic streaming in amoebas

41. Microtubules Cut-out from flagellum structure

42. Microfilaments

43. 17. Centrioles (In animals; NOT in plants) a. Structure: two small cylinders usually found at right angle to each other b. Function: involved in cell division in animals

44. Centrioles