CstM 301 - Management & Organization motivation theory & practice

need… need [need] - noun a requirement necessity arising from the circumstances of a situation or case an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

need theories… hierarchy of needs theory erg theory two-factor theory acquired needs theory what is the common ground?

motivation… mo·ti·va·tion [moh-tuh-vey-shuhn] - noun to give incentive to provide with a reason to act in a certain way forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended

equity theory… eq·ui·ty [ek-wi-tee] - noun the quality of being fair or impartial some that is fair and just

equity theory… responses include change work inputs…outputs change rewards received change comparison points change the situation

reinforcement theory… the law of effect behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not likely

reinforcement theory… positive reinforcement clearly identify desired behavior maintain a diverse inventory of rewards inform everyone what must be done to get reward recognize individual differences when giving rewards follow laws of immediate & contingent reinforcement punishment tell the person what is being done wrong tell the person what is being done right match the punishment to behavior punish in private

job design… arranging work tasks for individuals and groups with the goal of enhancing employee motivation and other outcomes. traditional approaches include: simplification rotation enlargement

job enrichment model… skill variety task identity task significance autonomy feedback

job enrichment model… core job characteristics critical psychological states job outcomes skill variety experienced meaningfulness of the work high internal work motivation high growth satisfaction high general job satisfaction high work effectiveness task identity task significance experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work autonomy knowledge of actual results of the work feedback employee growth-need strength knowledge & skills context satisfactions

modern take on job design… flexible working hours compressed workweek job sharing telecommuting contingency work part-time work

benefits of job design… greater satisfaction & morale greater commitment greater short-term performance greater employee retention improved attendance improved punctuality