Aim: Review for Test on Industrial Revolution Bring a #2 pencil and a pen Essay topic: problems created by industrialization and solutions (pg. 4 of packet). Extra Credit: Castlelearning Additional Extra Credit: DBQ

1. What were some of the causes of the Industrial Rev?  Agricultural Revolution  Population of Europe increased  Demand for goods went up  New inventions/ technology

2. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?  Geography- its an island, surrounded by water. Good for trade.  Capital- money to invest  Natural resources- coal and iron ore  Stable government

3. What were some of the results of the Industrial Rev ?  Goods were mass produced.  Goods were cheaper.  Technological unemployment.  Middle class (bourgeoisie) gained power and influence.

4. List and describe some of the problems created by industrialization.  Poor working conditions  Long hours  Low wages  Unsafe factories- accidents common- no compensation.  Child Labor  Employment was uncertain

5A. Labor Unions  1800 Combination Act- banned labor unions repealed.  Workers organized. Gained right to vote.  Improve working conditions: fair hours and wages.  10 hour work day  Right to picket and strike  Improve health and safety in factories.

5B. Utopian Socialists  Robert Owen  “perfect place”- imaginary  Socialism- government ownership of major industries.  People work together for the common good.  Created “New Lanark”- built this community- workers work together and share in the profits.

5C. Karl Marx  Communism-government ownership of all industries.  History is a struggle over money between the “haves” and “have nots.”  Worker revolution  Classless society- everybody is equal

5D. Physiocrats  Adam Smith- capitalism (free market).  Individuals own their own businesses (entrepreneur)  Profit motive  Supply and demand  Competition

6. List and describe some of the new inventions.  Steam engine- James Watt  Textiles first industry effected: Spinning Jenny, Power loom, cotton gin.  Steam locomotive and steamboat- helped with trade.

7. “Technological Unemployment”  When someone losses their job as a result of technology.  A machine replaces a worker.

8. Explain how industrialization contributed to imperialism.  Created a need for raw materials  Countries in Europe that did not have raw materials took over countries in Asia and Africa.  Use as a market for goods.

9. Laissez faire  Government keeps its hands off of business.

10. How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to the Industrial Revolution?  Farmers who lost their job as a result of a machine, went to the city and became the workers of the Industrial Revolution (urbanization).  More food available- population increased- demand for goods went up.

11. Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages.”  Applies the concept of supply and demand to worker’s salaries.  If there is an oversupply of workers- salaries will go down.  A shortage of workers- salaries will increase.

12. Domestic system and Factory system  Domestic system- make goods by hand at home.  Factory system- make goods by machine in a factory (mass production).