Health and Wellness: Introduction to Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Definitions of Health A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947) A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle (Pender) A person’s level of wellness, self-reported (Iggy) Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Models of Health and Illness Health-Illness Continuum Model Health Belief Model Positive health behaviors Negative health behaviors Health Promotion Model Holistic Health Model Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Health Promotion Model: Healthy People 2010 A nationally focused initiative toward better health for the American people Meant to inspire health promotion programs Goal is to increase the quality and years of life and eliminate the nation’s health disparities Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Internal and External Variables Variables can influence how a person thinks, acts, and responds to an illness. Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Internal and External Variables Developmental stage Intellectual background Emotional factors Spiritual factors External: Family Practices Socio-economic Factors Cultural Background Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Indicators Physical Activity Overweight and Obesity Tobacco Use Substance Abuse Responsible Sexual Behavior Injury, Violence and Safety Immunization Access to Health Care Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention Passive strategies: individuals gain from activities of others without their own active participation Active strategies: motivate the individual to adopt health programs and to seek health Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Levels of Prevention Primary prevention: true prevention Secondary prevention: directed at diagnosis and intervention of those who are experiencing health problems or illnesses Tertiary prevention: directed at rehabilitation of those clients with permanent and irreversible disease or disability Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Examples of Level of Prevention Primary Prevention – immunizations, class for new parents on safety, teaching older adults the value of exercise. Secondary Prevention – vision screening, breast and testicular exams. Tertiary Prevention – cardiac rehabilitation, nutrition classes for new diabetics. Craven – Table 33-1 p. 706

Healthy People 2010 Leading Health Disparities Asthma Mental Health Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Risk Factors Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident Categories of risk factors Genetic and physiological factors Age Environment Lifestyle Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Risk Factor Modification and Changing Health Behaviors Identify risk factors in health promotion and disease prevention Implement risk modification, health promotion, or illness prevention activities Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Illness A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired Acute illness: short term and severe Chronic illness: persists over a period of time Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Illness Behavior Involves how people behave or respond to illness Internal variables Client’s perception of symptoms Nature of illness External variables influencing a client’s illness: social support, cultural background, economic status, and accessibility to health care system Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Discharge Planning The Discharge Planning Process Identify client discharge needs: BRASS Index Tell me about your home and how you will manage at home. Do you have help at home? Anticipate changes in client needs and how they will be met How will the family manage care at home? What are the family’s resources? Ensure continuity of care Copyright © 2003, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.