1. Assessing Health Health =State of optimal functioning or well-being Wellness= an active process in which individuals are aware of choices they make to lead a better life Illness = state in which function is impaired compared with previous function. Health has many definitions:

2. Health Traditionally health and illness were viewed as two separate entities 1946 W.H.O. (World Health Organization) “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” Several models of health and illness

3. Health - Illness Continuum Measures a person’s perceived level of health Take wellness quiz! Constantly changing state Perception of HEALTH is influenced by individual’s self-concept, culture, environment, and many other internal & external variables High level wellness at one end, normal health in the center and illness-death at the opposite end

4. Holistic Health Model System that considers all components of health: promotion, maintenance, education, illness prevention,and restorative care Holistic theory requires forces of nature be kept in balance therefore holistic health involves the total person Clients assuming responsibility for health maintenance and health workers working to promote optimal conditions to promote health.

5. Basic Human Needs Model Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  all people share basic human needs  each person has unique needs  priority is usually given to physiological needs, but may fluctuate d/t individual perceptions

6. Health Promotion Model (HPM) HPM- depicts the multidimensional nature of people interacting with their interpersonal and physical environments when they pursue health This model stresses the importance of an individuals uniqueness, behavior - specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes

7. Homeostasis & Adaptation Homeostasis-physiological and psychological mechanisms respond to changes in the internal and external environment to maintain a balanced state. To maintain health the body’s internal environment needs a balanced state Adaptation- change that occurs due to a response from stressor. Adaptation occurs to maintain homeostasis

8. homeostasis BP= 90/60 to 130/90 pulse:= 60 to 100 Respirations= 12 to 24 Temp 98.6 -99 degrees F oral O2 sat = 95 to 100% BS= 70-120

9. Influences on Health and Health Belief Practices Physical Developmental Emotional Intellectual Environmental Sociocultural Spiritual

10. Effects of Illness Loss of independence Lack of control Dependent on others Financial deprivation Family hardship Decreased self - esteem

11. Planning Health Promotion Based on patient needs Needs are prioritized based on the best practice, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, & growth and developmental level Acute Illness = short duration; severe Chronic Illness = persists > 6 mos