1. CARE OF CLIENTS IN THE SCHOOL SETTING

2. Reasons for Concern for School Health
The health of the school population affects overall community health.
Healthy children learn better.
The school setting is an excellent avenue for developing health attitudes and behaviors that affect health in later life.

3. Goal of School Health
To reduce or eliminate health-related barriers to learning

4. Objectives of a School Health Program - 1
Decrease morbidity and absenteeism
Identify and treat existing health problems
Manage special health needs
Promote employee health
Integrate school, home, and community health efforts

5. Objectives of a School Health Program - 2
Contribute to staff development
Provide a resource on school health and safety issues
Assure quality of and accountability for school health services

6. Comprehensive School Health Program
“An integrated set of planned, sequential school-affiliated strategies, activities, and services designed to promote the optimal physical, emotional, social, and educational development of students”
(Allensworth et al., 1997)

7. Traditional Components of a School Health Program
Health services
Health education
Healthy environment
Physical education
Nutrition services
Staff health promotion
Counseling, psychological, social services
Parent and community involvement

8. Figure 23–1 Components of the School Health Program

9. Health Services Component
Assessment and screening
Case finding
Counseling
Health promotion and illness prevention
Case management
Remedial or rehabilitation services
Specific nursing procedures
Emergency care

10. Education for Health Literacy - 1
Develop abilities to:
Comprehend health promotion and disease prevention information
Access health information and health promoting products and services
Engage in behaviors that promote health and reduce risk

11. Education for Health Literacy - 2
Develop abilities to:
Analyze influences on health
Use interpersonal communication to enhance health
Set goals and make decisions regarding health
Advocate for personal, family, and community health
(Breckon, 1998)

12. Assessing Health in the School Setting
Biophysical considerations
Psychological considerations
Physical environmental considerations
Sociocultural considerations
Behavioral considerations
Health system considerations

13. Biophysical Considerations - 1
Maturation and aging
Age
Developmental stages and tasks
Genetic inheritance
Gender
Race/ethnicity
Genetic predisposition to disease in population

14. Biophysical Considerations - 2
Physiologic function
Incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases
Incidence of injury and other problems
Prevalence of chronic and handicapping conditions
Immunization levels

15. Psychological Considerations
Organization of the school day
Peer relationships
Teacher-student relationships
Teacher-teacher relationships
Discipline and grading practices
Parent-school relationships

16. Physical Environmental Considerations
Internal environment
External environment

17. Sociocultural Considerations
Community attitudes to education
Crime
Racial unrest/violence
Working parents
Socioeconomic status
Culture and language
Homelessness

18. Behavioral Considerations
Consumption patterns
Diet and nutrition
Substance use and abuse
Rest, exercise, and recreational activity
Sexual activity
Health and safety behaviors

19. Health System Considerations
Availability of internal and external sources of health care
Relationship of school to external health care resources
Organizational structure for school health care delivery

20. Planning Health Care in the School Setting
Macrolevel planning
Development of the overall school health program
Microlevel planning
Planning to address specific health problems in the population or to meet health needs of individual members of the population

21. Components of Macrolevel Planning
Population to be served
Categories of health services
Health-related personnel
Program resources
Health records
Program evaluation
Program budget

22. Components of Microlevel Planning
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

23. Primary Prevention Immunization Interpersonal skills Safety
Exclusion from school
Health education
Food and nutrition
Exercise and physical activity
Self-image
Coping
Interpersonal skills

24. Secondary Prevention
Screening
Referral
Counseling
Treatment

25. Tertiary Prevention Preventing recurrence of acute conditions
Preventing complications
Promoting adjustment to chronic and handicapping conditions
Dealing with learning disability