1. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 4 Health and Illness

2. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Definition of Health According to WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Health is a resource, a right, and a personal responsibility

3. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Values and Beliefs Values: ideals a person feels are important Beliefs: concepts a person holds to be true

4. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Health is a limited resource and a valuable possession Health is a right Health is a personal responsibility that requires continuous personal effort

5. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Wellness and Holism Wellness is full and balanced integration of all aspects of health: physical, emotional, social, and spiritual Holism is the sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health

6. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs Abraham Maslow identified five levels of human needs Placed in sequential order of hierarchy

7. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs (cont’d) Physiologic (first level).. The most important Safety and security (second level) Love and belonging (third level) Esteem and self-esteem (fourth level) Self-actualization (fifth level)

8. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Illness Illness: state of discomfort that results when disease, deterioration, or injury impairs a person’s health

9. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Illness (cont’d) Morbidity: incidence of a specific disease, disorder, or injury that refers to the rate or numbers of people affected Mortality: the number of people who died from a particular disease or condition

10. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Types of Illnesses Acute illness: sudden onset and lasts for a short time. Influenza Chronic illness: comes on slowly and lasts a long time. Arthritis Terminal illness: there is no potential for cure. Cancer

11. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Types of Illnesses (cont’d) Primary illness: develops independently of any other disease. Pulmonary disease from smoking Secondary illness: develops as a result of a pre-existing primary condition. Pneumonia from pulmonary diseases

12. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Types of Illnesses (cont’d) Remission: disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease; resembles cured state but relief may be temporary Exacerbation: reactivation of disorder; occurs periodically in clients with long- standing diseases

13. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Types of Illnesses (cont’d) Hereditary condition: acquired from genetic codes of one or both parents; symptoms may or may not be present at birth. CF Congenital disorders: present at birth but result of faulty embryonic development. Rubella Idiopathic illness: cause is unexplained. HTN

14. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Care System A health care system includes agencies and institutions where people seek treatment for health problems or assistance with maintaining or promoting their health

15. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Care System (cont’d) Primary care: services provided by first health care professional or agency a person contacts. Doctors in clinics Secondary care: services to which primary caregivers refer clients for consultation and additional testing. Referring to Cardiac cath.

16. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Care System (cont’d) Tertiary care: services provided at hospitals or medical centers Extended care: services that meet health needs of clients who no longer require acute hospital care –Rehabilitation; skilled nursing care in a person’s home or a nursing home; hospice care for dying clients. Alwafa

17. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Care Services Include those that offer health prevention, diagnosis, treatment, or rehabilitation

18. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Team structure? The goal is to help clients attain, maintain, or regain health. Five common management patterns –Functional nursing, case method, team nursing, and primary nursing.

19. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Team (cont’d) Functional nursing –Each nurse on a client unit is assigned specific tasks (medication, dressing) –Used less often; focus is more on completing task rather than caring for individual clients

20. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Team (cont’d) Case method –One nurse manages all care a client or group of clients needs; in ICU, and community mental health nursing –Nurses: case managers

21. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Team (cont’d) Team nursing –Nursing personnel divide clients into groups and complete their care together –Organized and directed by team leader; conferences are an important part

22. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Team (cont’d) Primary nursing –Admitting nurse assumes responsibility for planning client care and evaluating the client’s progress –Remains responsible and accountable for specific clients until discharge

23. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Continuity of Health Care definition: book Continuity of care ensures: –Client navigates complicated health care system with maximum efficiency and minimum frustration –Client does not feel isolated, fragmented, or abandoned ……………thank you