CHINA AND IMPERIALISM On a piece of paper: What do you think is the cartoonist’s message? Do you think he is pro or anti imperialism? Explain.

Differences from Africa  European countries did not create formal colonies in China  However, they exerted economic and military influence over the country.

Opium War  Great Britain wanted to end the unfavorable trade with China  English buying more from China than China buying from England  Wanted to find something to sell to the Chinese  The solution: OPIUM! An addictive drug

Opium War  Chinese tried to end the opium trade  Protested to trading co. &to government= no results  Arrested opium traders  Destroyed chests of opium  British viewed this as a violation of free trade & attack on property rights  Sent fleet of ships to invade  Chinese couldn’t defend themselves against more advanced weapons

Treaty of Nanjing, 1842  Chinese forced to sign this “unequal treaty” after the Opium War  Benefited Europeans at the expense of the Chinese  Required China to:  Open 5 more ports to trade  Give England control of Hong Kong  Grant Europeans extraterritorial rights  Pay England money for starting the war

Taiping Rebellion  Taiping rebels were upset at government for allowing too much foreign influence  Wanted to enact reforms  Abolish private property  End practice of foot binding  Create democratic institutions  Allow free public education

Taiping Rebellion  Chinese government asked Western nations to come help put down rebellion  Took them 14 years to end the rebellion  Rebellion led to:  Massive starvation  Disease  million deaths

What does the cartoon tell you about the United States’ reaction to the Europeans in China?

Open Door Policy  By 1899, US had become a world power  The US did a lot of business with China  Didn’t want Europe to divide China up like they had with Africa  Sec. of State John Hay proposed the “Open Door Policy”  All nations have equal trading rights with China

Boxer Rebellion  Nationalist group called the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” formed to drive out “foreign devils”  Thought foreigners had humiliated their country  Westerners called them Boxers  Due to the exercises they did that they thought would make them immune to bullets

Boxer Rebellion  Boxers killed Chinese who supported Western ideas & attacked foreign embassies  An international force invaded China to end the rebellion  Results:  China had to pay countries money  China had to give countries privileges  Weakened China

Becoming a Republic  Qing Dynasty began enacting reforms  Most Chinese = “too little, too late”  People wanted:  China to industrialize & a more responsive government  Rebellion broke out

Becoming a Republic  Forced the emperor to resign  Declared China a republic based on “Three Principles of the People”  Free China from foreign control  Establish a democracy  Improve economy with socialism

Cartoon Title: “The Devilfish in Egyptian Waters” Explain the cartoonist’s message. Do you think he was pro or anti imperialism? Why did England want to control Egypt?