Teaching Today: An Introduction to Education 7 th edition Part 4: Shapers of Today’s Educational World Chapter 12: Historical Influences Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-1

About American Education... “... writers have followed a tradition of presuming that today’s educational system, although not perfect, is better than it has ever been.” Do you agree or disagree that it is better? Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-3

“No child should have to go through the painful dilemma of choosing between family and school and of what inevitably becomes a choice between belonging and succeeding.” (Nieto, 1992) Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-4

Historical Influences Ancient Rome and Greece The Middle Ages Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-5

Colonial Period to Independence Influence of: Francis Bacon John Amos Comenius The New England Colonies Puritan Influence Massachusetts School Law of 1642 “Old Deluder Satan Act” of 1647 Latin Grammar Schools Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-6

Colonial Period to Independence (cont.) The Middle Colonies Benjamin Franklin’s Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania The Franklin Academy The Southern Colonies People were far apart. Tutors for wealthy. Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-7

Precedents Set Through the Establishment of Academies American Education would: have a strong orientation toward the practical rather than the purely intellectual and theoretical. be nonsectarian. feature diverse course offerings. Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-8

Independence to the Civil War Influence of: John Heinrich Pestalozzi Friedrich Froebel Johann Friedrich Herbart Development in Secondary Education The Work of Horace Mann Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. 12-9

Civil War to 1900 Immigration Kalamazoo Case Formation of Teacher Organizations The Committee of Ten Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

1900 to World War II Contributions of John Dewey The Testing Movement The Cardinal Principles The Progressive Movement Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

The Cardinal Principles The Seven Goals of Secondary Education Health Command of fundamental processes Worthy home membership Vocational preparation Citizenship Worthy use of leisure time Ethical character Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

World War II to the 21 st Century International Challenges Advent of the Middle School School Improvement Initiatives Testing and Curriculum Standards Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

Revisiting History Is this really an issue about separation of church and state or about alternative scientific theories? Do you think it is important to separate education and religion? Why? What does the history of education reveal to us about the separation of church and state? LINK: What are the implications of this issue for the development of curriculum? Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

Legacies from Africa Education a function of the community Education for personal and societal interests Strong oral tradition that includes teaching through riddles, anecdotes, tales, and verbal games Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

Legacies from Islam Strong oral tradition that includes memorization Education is important for a sound mind and body Education provides skills for making a living and working with others Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

Legacies from China’s Confucian Tradition Utilize an extensive examination process for occupation selection Encourage conformation to prescribed styles of presentation Status differences among people because of the roles they played in life Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

Legacies from Hinduism Strong oral tradition for young learners Multiple approaches to learning valued Emphasis in thinking and self-knowledge Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved

“As you may know, school populations today are more ethnically and culturally diverse than they ever have been. As a result, educators are working hard to develop school programs that are responsive to the needs of all. These reforms are being inserted into an American school system that historically did not hold responding to cultural diversity as a high priority. You can better understand challenges that accompany the change efforts if you are familiar with historical developments that have shaped the American System.” (Armstrong, Henson, and Savage, p. 315) Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved