1. Historical Foundation
Foundation of Curriculum

2. Why learn history?

3. The Colonial Period:
Three Colonial Regions – Northern colonies, New England, Southern colonies.
Learn to read the scripture – By Puritans (Influenced by the Church).
Curriculum: Reading and Writing – Based on God’s law.
Southern Colonies: Conservative Curriculum. Education is only for rich family (Slave era)
Reading, Writing, Arimathics and Faith.

4. The Colonial Period: 1642-1776 Colonial schools
Town School: For children, one teacher, non-graded school.
Parachial and Private schools: Upper class – read and write and primier and Bible. Lower class only the three R’s and only recite religious quotes. Vocational skills
Latin grammar school: Preparing student for higher school (College). Use only Latin language. 8 years duration. No arts and sciences.
The Academy for lower level class, is not set for college. Latin is not important. Math skills are for job preparation not for abstract.
College (Prerequisite: Latin grammar school). Harvard college. Greek, Latin and the Classics.

5. National Period Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)
Education should be function to democracy.
Science is better than learning greek, latin, etc.
Promoted free schooling. The country will benefit when people are educated.

6. National Period Thomas Jefferson: Education for Citizenship.
Educaiton to ensure democratic society.
Education for all by the expense of all (Government).
Civic concern, rather than preserved upper group.
Plan for a bill for free for basic 3 R’s – elementary. Secondary school (grammar school) for smart students with scholarship. To become elementary teacher, administrator.
The 10 best will go William and Mary college.

7. National Period Webster: Schoolmaster and cultural nationalism.
Education to create national identity – National language and culture

8. National Period McGuffey: The readers and American Virtues.
Promotes cultural nationalism
Combination for Protestantnism and Rural American
The book contains religious faith and heroism.

9. The Rise of Universal Education
Monitorial schools
Influence by the migration from Europe.
Economic efficience. Bright student served as instructor.
Cooperative learning in monitorial system.
Considered as efficient education. 3R’s, Citizenship, moral doctrine.
To promote mass education.

10. The Rise of Universal Education
Common Schools
Origin: Massachusets. 3Rs,
Rooted on progressive thoughts.
Education has a market value.
Public education started.
Crucial for American system for equality and national identy.
Teacher has low salary.
Common one room school. Exist in every community.
No common curriculum, but most subjects are related to religious and moral. More subjects were added later.

11. The Rise of Universal Education
Secondary Schools
11.5 % were enrolled in public school
Only 6 % passed.
The Academy
Replaced latin grammar school
Focus not only for college but also for moral education of society.
Academy replaced by high school

12. The Rise of Universal Education
The High School
College preparatory program
Also served to complete the formal education
Served as terminal education for some who will not take college
High School grew while the academy declined

13. The Rise of Universal Education
Three Committees
The committee of fifteen
Traditional curriculum for elementary
The committee of ten
Curriculum for secondary
The committee on college entrance requirement
Curriculum for college preparation

14. The Rise of Universal Education
Modern Curriculum
Flexner – Modern curriculum
Introduced basic areas of curriculum:
Science, Industry, Civics, and Aesthetics
Dewey – Scientific principles of education
Education as instrument of democracy
Judd – Systematic studies and social sciences
Scientism of educaiton

15. Curriculum as a Field Bobbitt and Charters
Influenced by the industrial era
And the scientific theories of Fredrick Taylor
Introduced Curriculum as scientific inquiry
Developed principles of curriculum making

16. Curriculum as a Field Kill Patrick
Behaviorist Curriculum Making. Purposeful activity.
Purposing
Planning
Executing
Judging

17. Curriculum as a Field Ralph Tyler Basic principles of curriculum
Purpose
Experience to attain purpose
Organization of the experience to attain the purpose and,
Measurement of the purpose in the organization of the experience