Chapter 17 Colonies Carleen Long

Terms Columbian Exchange- the transfer of people, animals, diseases, and plants between New and Old Worlds. Pilgrims- First settlers in America

Terms Puritans- Christians looking to “purify” the Catholic church Iroquois Confederacy—an alliance among the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca peoples

Spanish Society divided into hierarchy of estate 1524-Council of the Indies in Spain supervised the government, ecclesiastical, and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies.

Spanish (cont.) Geography and technology limited power Justified the exploration of the Americas by saying they were spreading Christianity to the Amerindians. The priest Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474–1566) was the most influential defender of the Amerindians during the early colonial times.

Spain cont. Silver mines were a big influence on economy ▫Most located in Peru The Sugar plantations also helped the economy ▫Most sugar plantations in Brazil The most important years of silver mining took place in Mexico in the 1530’s and 1540’s

Silver Coin

Spain cont. Missionaries ▫Worked with the Amerindians ▫Tried to teach religion and ways of life ▫Frusturated by language and cultural differences ▫Cruelty was typically the result of frustration

Spain cont. New Laws of 1542—outlawed the enslavement of Amerindians and limited other forms of forced labor Amerindian population had a sharp decrease in 1600s because of disease, epidemics, and other natural causes

English/ British First journeys to the Americas can be described as failures. London’s investors colonized what is now Virginia Jamestown was abandoned for better land further inland Main problems bringing settlers over- Not enough men. 84% of white settlers were male in Virginia in 1625 More women in Massachusetts= much higher population growth

English/British Massachusetts became the best off area in America Problem- Didn’t have good enough soil or long enough growing period for cash crops like tobacco and rice

Map of Colonies

English/ British New York and New York City developed and became the trading and communications center of the colonies Pennsylvania was developed by William Penn and the Quakers

William Penn

French Settled in a similar way to Spain and Portugal Trading ▫Traded with amerindians  Fur  Guns  Iron weapons  Utensils  Textiles  Alchohol Resulted in a population decrease of beavers and deer

French France’s North American colonies were threatened by wars fought by France and England The neighboring English colonies were a threat because they were better off. The “French and Indian War” was the final contest of France in colonial America

Amerindian

Map

Summary Spain, england, and France all set out for new land Spain succeeded England’s success can be argued ▫Didn’t come where they had planned ▫Didn’t bring enough women ▫Did form successful colonies ▫Did successfully continue to grow

Summary cont. France was a failure ▫Were ok at first ▫ started trading with indians ▫Gave them firearms in exchange for furs ▫Leveled the playing fields and ultimately gave the Amerindians victory by giving them weapons and technology ▫Led to “French and Indian War”