Mapping the Earth

Imaginary Lines A pattern of imaginary lines circle the Earth in east-west and north-south directions. The intersections of these imaginary lines help us to find places on the Earth.

Lines of Latitude 1. The east-west lines in the imaginary grid are called lines of latitude. Lines of latitude are called parallels because they are always parallel to each other. These imaginary lines measure distance north and south of the equator

The Equator 3. The equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North and South Poles.

Measuring the Earth 2. Parallels measure the distance from the equator in degrees. The symbol for degrees is a small circle . Degrees are further divided into minutes. The symbol for minutes is ‘. There are 60 minutes in a degree.

For a more precise location latitude and longitude are measured in minutes and seconds.

Parallels north of the equator are labeled “N.” . Those south of the equator are labeled “S.”

Lines of latitude range from 0 degrees for location on the equator, to 90 degrees N or 90 degrees S for locations at the North and South Poles.

Major Lines Of Latitude

Lines of Longitude 4. The north-south lines are called lines of longitude. Lines of longitude are called meridians. These imaginary lines pass through the Poles. 5. They measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.

Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180 degrees are labeled with a “W”. Those east of the prime meridian to 180 degrees are labeled with an “E”.

Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that runs through 6. The prime meridian is an imaginary line that runs through Greenwich, England. It represents 0 degrees longitude.

Lines of longitude range from 0 degrees on the prime meridian to 180 degrees on a meridian in the mid-Pacific Ocean.

The farthest west location, Cape Mulinuu Savaii, Samoa 180 degrees West longitude

Hemispheres 7. The equator divides the globe into two halves, called hemispheres. The north half of the equator is the Northern Hemisphere. The southern half is the Southern Hemisphere. The prime meridian divides the world into the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.

Dividing the Earth

North Pole 90 degrees North latitude 8. Robert Peary and 9 other men were first to reach the North Pole on April 6, 1909. 4 of these men were Inuit Eskimos, Ooque ah, Ootah, Egingwah, and Seegloo and 1 African American, Matthew Henson.

Robert Peary 1856-1920 Had 8 toes amputated from frostbite

Matthew Henson Matthew was born of poor parents in Maryland. When he was 12 his parents died. He was sent to learn the trade of cabin boy. He traveled around the world eventually meeting Robert Peary. On this last trip to reach the North Pole, he and Robert Peary and 8 other men set out with a team of dogs and sleds. Robert Peary became ill, sending Henson on ahead to scout the area ahead. Later on it was found to be that Henson was actually the first to reach the North Pole, not Peary, although, Peary received the credit.

Matthew Henson 1866-1955 Henson In later years

9. The South Pole was discovered after the North Pole on December 14,1911 by a Norwegian explorer named Roald Amundsen. He had hoped to discover the North Pole, but when Peary and Henson arrived first, he decided to head south. On October 19,1911, he set out with 4 companions, 52 dogs, and 4 sleds. He was also the first man to fly over the South Pole in a dirigible and the first to reach both the North and South Poles. He was also was first to navigate the Northwest passage in 1903. In 1928, he set out to find his navigator who had been lost returning from the North Pole. His plane crashed and the wreckage never found. South Pole 90 degrees South latitude

Roald Amundsen 1872-1928 Amundsen His boat At the The Alaska South Pole His boat The Alaska

Polar Bears checking out a nuclear submarine

South Pole Today Penguin island in Antarctica A small city housing scientists from all over the world

10. Seven Continents Can you name them?????

See if you got them right!!! Africa Antarctica Asia Australia North America South America Europe

The largest continent is Africa Olduvai Gorge

The smallest continent is Australia

11. Major Oceans

The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean

The smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean

12. Map Terms Compass Rose Used to show direction on a map

13. Legend or Map Key Used to give meaning to symbols drawn on maps

distance relationship Scale 14. Used to show distance relationship on a map

Different Kinds of Maps Physical Map

Historical Map

Route Map Routes of Alexander The Great’s Armies