Conjunctions SC English 01 Oct., 2007

First, a preposition review…  Prepositions connect _________ with _________.  The object of the preposition is always a _______ or _________.  A preposition _______ be part of a prepositional phrase.  A prepositional phrase starts with _____ and ends with _________.

????  Prepositions connect their object with some other word in the sentence.  The object of the preposition is always a noun or pronoun.  A preposition must be part of a prepositional phrase.  A prepositional phrase starts with the preposition and ends with the object of the preposition

Practice: Find the preposition and object(s) of the preposition  The rocket flew off into space.  We looked in the window.  Troy played hard at the football game.  Mr. Swartos was excited about his upcoming bear hunt.

Preposition or Adverb?  You can tell if a word is a preposition by looking for what the word _____.  Prepositions will be part of a _______ ________ and have an _______.  Adverbs will modify a _____ and have no _______.

?????  You can tell if a word is a preposition by looking for what the word modifies.  Prepositions will be part of a prepositional phrase and have an object.  Adverbs will modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb and have no object.

Practice- tell me if the words below are prepositions or adverbs  Umpires stand along the baselines.  We waited for the hot dog vendor to come along.  The umpire ran past quickly.  The ball flew past third base.

????  Umpires stand along the baselines. Preposition  We waited for the hot dog vendor to come along. Adverb  The umpire ran past quickly. Adverb  The ball flew past third base. Preposition

Conjunctions  Conjunctions connect words or groups of words. Prepositions connect words, too. How do you think conjunctions are different than prepositions?

Conjunctions  Unlike prepositions, conjunctions don’t have objects. Rather, they serve as a way to show a relationship between two words.  Example: Are you going to Mt. Rushmore or Custer State Park?

Conjunctions  There are three types of conjunctions: Coordinating conjunctions Correlative conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions  Connect words of the same kind, such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, prepositional phrases, or sentences. Nouns: My cousin and his wife left yesterday for Montana. Verbs: They printed out directions but forgot to bring them. Prep. Phr.: Put the luggage on the doorstep or in the garage. Sentences: Our family wanted to go to Sturgis but we decided to go to Fargo instead.

Coordinating conjunctions  P. 382 in your text And But For Nor Or So Yet

Practice  Find the coordinating conjunction in the following sentences and tell what is being connected. Bob and Bill are brothers. We went to the game, but we didn’t win.

Correlative Conjunctions  Similar to coordinating conjunctions in that they connect the same type of words, but work in pairs. List p. 383 in text. both…and either/neither….or not only…..but also whether.....or

Correlative Conjunctions  Examples: We have seen both the Missouri River and the Big Sioux river. Either you or I will be the leader on the trail. The sick rhinoceros would neither eat nor drink.

Practice  Find the correlative conjunctions in the sentences below and tell me what is being connected: Either you go or I will. Not only my mother but also my sister played rugby.

Subordinating Conjunctions  Connect things which are not equal. One is less important (subordinate) than the other.  List of common subordinating conjunctions on p. 384  Subordinating conjunctions are in sentences that contain a dependent idea and a main idea. The dependent idea is connected to the main idea by the subordinating conjunction  Subordinating conjunctions always come before the dependent idea in a sentence.

One more thing…  The main idea can come at the beginning or end of a sentence.  When the dependent idea comes first, it must be separated from the main idea with a comma.

Example:  Because it rained all day, our basement filled up with water.  I did the planning after he made reservations.

Practice  Find the subordinating conjunction in each sentence, then find the dependent and main ideas. Since you didn’t play, we lost the game. Troy studied hard so that he could get good grades.

Since you didn’t play, we lost the game.  Sub: Since  Dep: you didn’t play  Main: we lost the game  (note the comma) Troy studied hard so that he could get good grades.  Sub: so that  Dep: he could get good grades  Main: Troy studied hard  (note the lack of a comma)

Assignment:  Type out a list of each type of conjunction using your textbook that will fit on a 3 x 5 index card.  Attach the lists to note cards  Exercises 1-3 on pp in your text.