1. Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

2. What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that relates a noun or a pronoun to another word in a sentence.
For example:
The man is ___________ the desk.
Each of these show a different ____________ between the man and the desk..

3. Common Prepositions In By To From At Near Down Up On During Over Past
Above Between Inside Through
Below Without Within Off
About Up Against Down
Along Before After Until
Beside Under Across Among
Beneath Except Despite Like

4. Let’s find the prepositions...
The flowers along the fence were pretty.
Just wait until tomorrow.
Sam left the house without his jacket.
Have you read the letter from your cousin?
During the past month, I have read ten books.
Sally ran across the street.
The chemist knows the answer to the question.
Drive down the road.

5. Subject
Verb
Object
Leila
wrote
the poem
Direct and Indirect Objects What is an object? The object of a sentence refers to related to the subject’s performance of the verb. It is what the verb is being done to. "Leila" is the subject, the doer or performer, "wrote" is a verb that refers to the action, "the poem" is the object involved in the action.

6. Direct Objects Direct object
A direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?“ (Mary did what?)
Examples:
David repaired his car → his car is the direct object of the
verb repaired. ( What did David repair?)
He invited Mary to the party → Mary is the direct object of the verb invited. (Whom did he invite?)

7. Indirect Objects Indirect Object
An indirect object answers the question "to whom?“ or "for whom?"
or "for what?"...
An indirect object is the recipient of the direct object, or an otherwise
affected participant in the event. There must be a direct object for an
indirect object to be placed in a sentence.
Examples:
They sent him a postcard - him is the indirect object of the
verb sent. (To whom did they send a postcard?)
He bought his son a bike - his son is the indirect object of the
verb bought. (For whom did he buy a bike?)

8. Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a __________ and ends with a ________ or a ________, which is called the object of the _________.
The boy near the window is a football player.
Near is the preposition
Window is the first noun that follows the preposition
The prepositional phrase is near the window.

9. Let’s identify the prepositional phrases…
The flowers along the fence were pretty.
Just wait until tomorrow.
Sam left the house without his jacket.
Have you read the letter from your cousin?
During the past month, I have read ten books.
Sally ran across the street.
The chemist knows the answer to the question.
Drive down the road.

10. Can prepositions be adverbs?
Some words can be either prepositions or adverbs depending how they are used
A preposition must have an object and be part of a prepositional phrase
An adverb modifies a verb and has no object
For example:
I went out the door. (out is the preposition and door is the direct object)
I went out. (there is no longer a direct object -- out becomes an adverb.

11. Conjunctions What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that is used to join ____________ or groups of words (phrases).
There are two types of conjunctions:
Correlating
I would like neither pizza nor spaghetti for dinner.
There are huge buildings in both New York and Chicago.
Coordinating
I want pizza and spaghetti for dinner.
There are huge buildings in New York and Chicago.

12. Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions connect words of the same kind, such as two or more nouns or verbs
They can connect larger groups of words, such as prepositional phrases or even entire sentences
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.)
For example:
Please give your suitcases and bags to Ben or Ryan.
I would like to go home, but not do my homework.

13. In the following examples, the coordinating conjunctions are bolded
In the following examples, the coordinating conjunctions are bolded. The words they connect are italicized.
Connecting Nouns:
My cousin and his wife left yesterday for a trip to Washington, D.C.
Connecting Verbs:
They printed out directions but forgot to bring them.
Connecting Prepositional Phrases:
Put the luggage on the doorstep or in the garage.
Connecting Two Sentences:
Our family wanted to go the White House but we decided to go to the Capital first.

14. Correlating Conjunctions
Correlating Conjunctions connect the same kinds of words or groups of words as do coordinating conjunctions, but correlative conjunctions are used in pairs.
both and
neither nor
whether or
either or
not only but also
For example:
Emily would like _______ a pink _________ a red dress.
_________ Mark ________ Aaron spoke French.

15. Connecting Nouns:
We have seen both the Hoover Dam and the Grand Canyon Dam.
Connecting Pronouns:
Either you or I will be the leader on the trail.
Connecting Verbs:
The sick hiker would neither eat or drink.
Connecting Prepositional Phrases:
We hiked slowly, whether in a large group or by ourselves.
Connecting Two Sentences:
Not only are the Sierra Mountains rugged, but they are also beautiful.

16. Interjections
An interjection is a word or group of words that expresses emotion. It has no grammatical connection to other words in a sentence.
For example:
Ouch! You hurt my foot!
Yay! It is Friday!
Oh my goodness! You have gotten so tall!
Notice most of the interjections are at the beginning of the sentence, and the show extreme emtions.

17. What interjections can you think of?