What makes a civilization “advanced”?

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Presentation transcript:

What makes a civilization “advanced”? Think Pair Share: What makes a civilization “advanced”?

The Mayan Civilization When? 200 BC-AD 900

Where? Yucatan Peninsula. Southern Mexico into Northern Central America

Olmecs Gulf Coast 1200 B.C. – 400 B.C. Influenced Mayan Olmec Tree of Life

Classical Mayan Period 250 A.D. – 900 A.D Important Cities Tikal Copan Palenque Uxmal Chichen Itza

Mayan Cities Independent city-states Pyramids Temples Palaces Stone Carvings Ball Courts Tens of thousands of people

Linked Through Trade Alliances & Trade networks Salt, Flint, Feathers, Shells, Honey Cotton textiles Jade ornaments

Mesoamerican Agriculture Maize Beans Squash Chilies Cocoa

Farming Practices Slash-and-burn Hilltop terracing

Trading Huge Production Social Classes Wealth

Priests, Leading Warriors God-King NOBLES Priests, Leading Warriors MERCHANTS & SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE Master Artisans PEASANTS

Religion Ruled Life: A God for Everything Colors Directions Weather Holidays Birth / Death Days Corn, Cocoa All Revealed in Calendar Carved effigy  of the rain god Chac.

Religious Rituals Offerings Incense Blood Human Sacrifices Piercing Human Sacrifices cenote Why?  Balance, Ultimate offering

Amazing Feats Mathematics Astronomy Calendar

Mayan Calendar 260-day religious calendar 365-day solar calendar Based on OBSERVATION Planets, sun, moon MATHEMATICS Zero, dots & bar

Writing System Most advanced in ancient Americas 800 hieroglyphic symbols = glyphs Historical events Codex = bark-paper books (3) Popol Vuh: most famous book about Mayan creation myth

Mysterious Decline Late 800s Maya abandoned cities. Why?? Fighting between city-states disrupted trade Overfarming Famine Disease overpopulation

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