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Early American Civilizations

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Presentation on theme: "Early American Civilizations"— Presentation transcript:

1 Early American Civilizations
MAYA INCA 250BC 900AD AD 1200BC 200BC 1200AD 1521AD OLMEC AZTEC

2 Olmec BC Location Jungles of southern Mexico Rain

3 Olmec 1200-200 BC Government City-states ruled by a chief
Large stone carvings left by the Olmec are believed to be images of their rulers

4 Olmec 1200-200 BC Economy Slash and burn agriculture
Flood plain agriculture Large trade network throughout Mesoamerica

5 Olmec 1200-200 BC Religion & Society Polytheistic (nature gods)
worship of Jaguar Earth mounds indicate buildings Elite ruling class

6 Olmec 1200-200 BC RISE FALL Trade
Access to raw materials (iron ore, stones, salt, tar, clay, wood, rubber) Rivers (floods created rich farmland) Reasons not fully understood Outside invaders? Olmec destroyed own monuments upon death of rules?

7 Maya 250 BC-900 AD Location Southern Mexico, Guatemala, & northern Honduras/El Salvador

8 Maya 250 BC-900 AD Government Independent, urban city-states
Cities served as the center for religious ceremonies & trade Theocracy (ruled by god-king) Dynasties

9 Maya 250 BC-900 AD Economy Exchange in salt, flint, feathers, shells, honey, cotton, jade No uniform currency (cacao, or chocolate beans, often used) Slash-and-burn agriculture and terraced agriculture produced miaze (corn), beans, squash

10 Maya 250 BC-900 AD Society King Nobles (Priests & Warriors)
Merchants & Artisans Peasants

11 Maya 250 BC-900 AD Religion polytheistic Gods were good and evil
Religious offerings (food, animals, human blood) Cutting and piercing were religious rituals Some human sacrifice practiced to keep the world in balance

12 Maya 250 BC-900 AD RISE FALL Unified culture
Loyalty to the political & religious ruler Trade Successful agriculture led to food production & increasing population Too many resources used for religious activities Increased warfare disrupted trade & produced economic problems Over-farming damaged the environment, leading to food shortage, famine, & disease

13 Mayan Ruins at Tulum (south of Cancun, Mexico)
Designed to maximize light during the winter & summer Mayan Temple

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