Day 35 – Phrases INSTRUCTOR: KYLE BRITT

AGENDA I. Warm Up – Grammar 8 MIN II. Individual Practice – Vocab 15 MIN III. Guided Practice – Verbals 25 MIN IV. Pair Practice – Verbals WS 20 MIN V. Closure – Vocab and Grammar 8 MIN

Objectives  Understand and Identify Participle and Gerund phrases.  Homework: RP Rough Draft due Friday Vocabulary exercises due tomorrow Study, Vocab quiz Friday

Warm Up – 8 MIN Identify the appositives/appositive phrases: 1. Sally, a hairdresser from New York, gave me a new look. 2. Tom’s room, a hazardous waste dump, was not a livable environment. 3. I love driving my new car, a 2015 Dodge Charger.

Individual Practice – English I Vocab 15 min  Complete the section “Completing the Sentence” for Unit 4 (pg )  Complete Vocabulary in Context on page 59  Once finished, get with your partner and study flash cards.

Individual Practice – Honors Vocab 15 min  Complete exercises A-C  Once finished, get with a partner and study flash cards.

Guided Practice – Verbal Phrases  Take a verbal phrases note sheet.  Keep this in your binders and refer to it when studying.

Verbals and Verbal Phrases  A VERBAL is a word that is formed from a verb but is used as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.  There are 3 types of verbals  The participle  The gerund  The infinitive

Participle A participle is a verb form that is used as an adjective. Verb I’m having an identity crisis.

The Participle  A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.  1. Present participles end in –ing  Ex) The smiling child waved.  Smiling, a form of the verb smile, modifies the noun child.  Ex) The horses trotting past were not frightened by the crowd.  Trotting, a form of the verb trot, modifies the noun horses.

 2. Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some past participles are irregularly formed.

Examples  Ex.) The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse.  Abandoned, a form of the verb abandon, modifies the noun, warehouse.  Ex.) This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique.  Ex.) Chosen for her leadership abilities, Dawn was an effective team captain.

*One last Tip:  Do not confuse a participle used as an adjective with a participle used as part of a verb phrase.  ADJECTIVE: Planning their trip, the class learned how to read a road map.  VERB PHRASE: While they were planning their trip, the class learned how to read a road map.

The Participial Phrase  A participle phrase consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective. *Remember, complements are IO, DO, PA, or PN*

 A participle may be modified by an adverb or an adverb phrase and may also have a complement, usually a direct object.

Examples  Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite amused.  The participle phrase modifies the noun duck. The pronoun itself is the direct object of the present participle seeing. The adverb phrase in the mirror modifies the present participle seeing.

Examples  After a while, we heard the duck quacking noisily at its own image.  The participle phrase modifies the noun duck. The adverb noisily and the adverb phrase at its own image modify the present participle quacking.

Examples:  Then, disgusted with the other duck, it pecked the mirror.  The participle phrase modifies the pronoun it. The adverb phrase with the other duck modifies the past participle disgusted.

 A participial phrase should be placed as close as possible to the word it modifies. Otherwise, the phrase may appear to modify another word and the sentence may not make sense.  MISPLACED: Slithering through the grass, I saw a snake trimming the hedges this morning.  CORRECTED: Trimming the hedges this morning, I saw a snake slithering through the grass.

Gerunds A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. The gerund can be formed by adding –ing to the present tense of the verb: Jogjogging Jogging at night without reflective gear can be dangerous.

Gerunds can be used as: A subject: Jogging is a popular form of exercise. A direct object: My sister enjoys jogging. Enjoys what? jogging An object of the preposition : These shoes are made for jogging. A Predicate Nominative My favorite hobby is jogging.

Gerund Phrases  Like participles, gerunds can have a direct object.  To find out whether or not the gerund has a direct object, begin with the gerund and ask the following question:  Gerund + whom/what? = direct object

Gerund Phrases EExample: GGiving the money proved a mistake. GGiving + What? = money MMoney is the direct object of the gerund.

Gerund Phrases GGerund phrases can also have indirect objects: TTo find out whether or not the gerund phrase has an indirect object, begin with the gerund, locate the direct object, then ask the question to/for whom/what?

Gerund Phrase EExample: GGiving Jerry the money proved a mistake. GGiving + what = money (direct object) GGiving money to/for whom? = Jerry JJerry is the indirect object of the gerund phrase.

Gerund Phrases GGerund phrases can also have prepositional phrases in them: GGiving Jerry the money on Friday night proved a major mistake. SSince on Friday night tells when? The prepositional phrase functions as an adverb. It completes the gerund phrase.

Summary of Noun Functions WWhat? + main verb = subject SSubject + verb + what = direct object SSubject + Linking verb + what = predicate nominative SSubject + verb + Direct Object + to/for what? = indirect object PPreposition + gerund phrase =object of the preposition.

Pair Practice - Verbals  Take a Worksheet and get into your pairs.  Identify the gerund phrases and participle phrases.  Communicate with your partner.

Closure  Construct 3 sentences. Each sentence must include:  1 Vocabulary word  1 example of a type of phrase we learned about today.  Underline the phrase and label it.  Highlight the vocabulary word.