Ms. Orville

 Middle Ages: CE  Medieval period  Feudalism- land was owned by nobles but held by vassals in return for loyalty  Medieval government system  Feudal duties: raise army and pay taxes  Manor system- people lived and worked on large estates owned by lords  Medieval economic system Self-sufficient- did not need anything outside of what was provided on the manor Very little trading Noblewomen- important role running the manor Serfs= peasants Very difficult life No chance to improve their life

 Middle ages- the years between ancient and modern times  Medieval- referring to the middle ages  Feudalism- a system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty  Fief- a large piece of land granted by a king to a lord in exchange for his loyalty  Manor- a large estate, often including farms & a village. Ruled by a lord  Serf- a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked  Peasant- poor people who live and farm the land  Vassal- a person who promised to fight when needed by his lord, during the Middle Ages in exchange for land  Lord- a noble in the middle ages  Noble- a member of the wealthiest class of some societies  Bourgeoisie- person belonging to the middle class

 Page- a young boy who carried messages and waited on a lord  Squire- a servant of a knight at the lord’s court- trains to be a knight  Knight- a man who received honor & land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier  Chivalry- the code of honorable conduct for knights  keep- strongest defense of the castle- tall tower where noble lives: has its own well and storage space  Guild- medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people

 Gothic- a style of architecture used during the Middle Ages that featured pointed arches  Clergy- persons with authority to perform religious services  Excommunication- expelling someone from the Church  Monastery- a religious community in which monks lead lives of work and prayer  Convent- a religious community in which nuns lead simple lives of work and prayer castle.com/architecture_design.htm

 Charter- a formal document setting forth an organization’s goals & principles  apprentice- an unpaid person training in a craft or trade  Black Death- (Bubonic Plague) 14 th century plague that killed 25-33% of Europe’s population  Troubadour- a traveling poet & musician of the Middle Ages  Holy land- Jerusalem & parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived & taught  Crusades- a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the holy land back from Muslim control  Pilgrims- a person who journeys to a sacred place  Nation- a community of people that shares territory & a government  Model Parliament- a council of lords, clergy, & common people that advised the English king on government matters  Hundred Years War- a series of conflicts between England & France

 Knights were vassals that made up the noble’s army Cavalry- army on horseback Chivalry- purity, valor, good manors  3 stages of becoming a knight Page Squire Knight  Castles: used as protection from invading armies

 The Hundred Years War  Helped unify both England and France into nations

 During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was a powerful force that affected nearly every area of people’s lives  Middle ages also known as “The Age of Faith”  Churches- highly organized: Priests, bishops, archbishops, popes  Increase in trade led to the growth of towns and cities  The new middle class organized craft trade guilds  Medieval towns and cities were crowded and unsanitary  Culture and learning were limited to only a few people

 200 years  Series of wars launched by European Christians to capture Jerusalem from the Muslims  First crusade: captured Jerusalem  Later Crusades launched to defend Christians from Turks in Holy Land  No true winner  Crusades changed life in Europe  Trade increased  Towns grew  Use of money increased  Learned about the Arab world

 : bubonic plague  Spread by fleas and rats that lived in unsanitary towns  Flagellants- punished themselves for sins in order to avoid the plague  Caused horrible black spots and almost certain death  Killed 1/3-1/2 of Europe’s population  Normal life broken down- labor shortage