Chapters 3 & 4 in the class textbook Unit 2: Utah’s First Residents Pre-historic peoples, Native Americans, Mountain Men, and Government Explorers

History = story of what has happened in the past. Utah’s history is a story of migration & adaptation. Migration = movement from one place to another Adaptation = adjusting to new conditions What do we mean when we say pre-history or pre-historic? Refers to the time before written history.

What’s an artifact? An object made by humans that tells us something about how they lived. Archaeologists have learned about Utah’s earliest residents by looking at artifacts & petroglyphs * Petroglyphs are carvings or line drawings on rock, made by prehistoric people.

How are they different? Archaeologists Anthropologists Paleontologists

Archaeologists = study early people and their culture by examining the material records (objects, structures, bones etc.) that are left behind. Anthropologists = scientists who study living humans- their societies, cultures and development Paleontologists = scientists who study prehistoric life How are they different?

Artifacts are primary sources of information! Primary Source = original record or first hand account; something that was made/written by someone who was there at the time. Example: A journal written by a pioneer during their journey across the plains. Secondary sources are items that were created by people who were not there at the time of the historical events. Example: book written about ancient Native Americans by a university professor

You decide! Primary or Secondary Source? A film made today about the Civil War ____________ Photos taken of a Civil War battle _____________ A letter written by George Washington _____________ A modern copy of an old rifle _____________ A rock painting made 6,000 years ago _____________

Utah’s 4 Pre-historic Native American Cultures Paleo-Indians: Nomadic Hunter Gatherers Lived all over North America Never settled in once place very long The Archaic People: also known as Desert Gatherers More advanced hunter-gatherers Lived in Utah after pre-historic animals died out Made more advanced tools such as the Atlatl Built simple, open shelters out of tree branches & dirt called wiki-ups Atlatl spear thrower

Write-Pair-Share Use the class textbook to learn about the last two pre-historic groups – the Anasazi and Fremont people p in textbook Find a partner, each of you pick one of the groups to read about Pull out a blank sheet of paper and fold it so there are 8 squares AnasaziFremont Where they lived What they ate Tools and weapons they used What was their housing like

AnasaziFremont Lived along the San Juan river at the four-corners (the Southwest). Very dry area. Lived in the dry valleys and mountains of the Great Basin. Different climates in each area. - Gathered plants, seeds, and berries - Grew corn, beans, squash, cotton. - Dried food and stored it during winter. Many full time farmers – grew corn, beans, squash along the river. Some were hunter-gatherers Used bow & arrow to hunt deer, sheep, bison, antelope, and rabbit. Made baskets, bags, pottery, necklaces, and knives. Gray pottery, baskets, moccasins, and clay figurines. Made clothing from leather & fur. Pit houses or cliff-side apartments made of stones and mud. Circular pit houses that were partially underground. Made roofs out of wood poles and mud plaster. Fire in the middle of the pit house Lived Food Weapons & Tools Housing

Unit packet p. 3 journal: What is your earliest memory? How old were you?

What were the four pre-historic groups that we learned about yesterday?

Fremont Anasazi Pre-historic American Indians Map

What is an observation? Involves gathering information about something. o Ex. when you look at an artifact and observe its shape, size, what it is made of etc. What is an inference? Using the information you have gathered to make a guess about what the object might have been used for/what it tells us about the people who used it.

Mystery of the Anasazi Film What are some of the reasons the Anasazi disappeared from Utah? Which reason do you think is most believable?