RISE OF THE DICTATORS
Totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens
Terror –SECRET POLICE –CENSORSHIP –NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
PROPAGANDA –Movies, schools, factories. –Messages all about good of the government –Evils of west and capitalism
Nationalism Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else Religion –ATHIESTISM Official religion
Persecution –Hebrews –Islam –Catholics –None were spared
Stalin Mussolini Hitler Franco
FACIST ITALY Fascism extreme right winged ideology based on total control of people through fear, force and censorship
Monarchy in Italy Unable to solve problems unemployment Weak economy
Benito Mussolini Extreme Nationalist Formed Fascist Party Opposed to communism Appealed to upper and middle class
Mussolini stressed Ownership of private property Cooperation between workers and management Return of Rome to glory (Nationalism)
Black Shirts Mussolini secret police Waged a violent campaign against Communists and Socialists Used violence as tactic to suppress oppositions and strikes
King refused to declare martial law Mussolini was named Premier Became a dictator
Appointed Fascists to all positions in government Mussolini quickly –Banned all political parties –Suspended all basic liberties –Kept unions under his control
Italy became a police state Government based on economic activity 22 corporations met to establish wages and prices
Italy is now in firm control of Mussolini and Fascists
Stalin
Tactics Fear Eliminated religion –Seized Orthodox property –Persecuted religious leaders
Churches turned into public buildings New Constitution APPEARED TO BE DEMOCRATIC
Supreme Soviet met twice a year –Elected Politburo –Council of Ministers –Executive and administrative power
Real power was held by a few leaders who were led by Stalin
Stalin enacted a purge Eliminated party members Who were accused of being against his policies
Purged Intellectuals Army officials Union leaders and members Purge then expanded to the general public
By to 8 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps or executed by Stalin
Stalin wanted other countries in Europe to accept USSR Wanted to spread Communism throughout Europe
Germany 1919 Treaty of Versailles New government called the Weimar Republic Kaiser had left In city of Weimar new government formed
Great Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929 –Speculation –Caused panic and run on banks world wide –Unemployment was high
Germany in economic depression Unemployment high inflation Blamed initially on the Weimar government Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1930 to 6 million in 1932
Rival factions tried to control Germany Fascist and Communists
Nazi Party National Socialist German Worker Party
Extremely Nationalistic Anti Semitic Anti communist Promised to protect Germany from Communism
Adolph Hitler in prison wrote Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how to take power legally
Stressed Nationalism Purity of the Arian race (total elimination of the Jews) He was a charismatic, great speaker
Depression and civil unrest caused workers to drift to Nazi message Von Hindenburg leader of Germany old and weak
Nazi gained seats in Reichstag slowly and Hitler became leader Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler blamed it on the Communists
Took title of Der Fuhrer Turned Germany into a Police state
Revived economy in early 1930’s Government projects –Roads –Houses –Forrest restoration –Rebuild military and weapons
Banned unions Opposition Newspapers political parties
Brown Shirts Gestapo Secret Police
Hitler now went after his Master Race Elimination of Jewish, handicapped, mentally inferior gypsies
Jews were blamed for all of Germanys’ problems Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles Became Hitler’s scapegoat Identified by yellow star
Hitler called his rule Third Reich 1 st Holy Roman Empire 2 nd Hohenzollern Empire 3 rd Hitler reign would be for a thousand years