1. Warm Up What does this picture tell you about the value of the Mark?
These children are playing with Marks, which was the German currency during the Weimar Republic (German Democracy).
What does this picture tell you about the value of the Mark?
How did this happen?
Explain how you think people in Germany felt about this.

2. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS
RISE OF THE
TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS

3. Promising Jobs, Being Nationalistic, and USING PROPAGANDA
Totalitarian leaders are dictators who control all aspects of government and the lives of the citizens
How did they do it?
Promising Jobs, Being Nationalistic, and USING PROPAGANDA
Used the Secret Police, denied rights, put prisoners in jail, and killing enemies.

4. II. Totalitarian Dictatorships

5. 1. Communist Dictator – Controlled all aspects of life.
2. Great Purge – Killed 20 million of his enemies using secret police.
3. Five Year Plans of 1928 and 1932 – Planned to industrialize the Soviet Union quickly.
4. Stalin RULED THE SOVIET UNION from 1929 to 1953 – made them a SUPERPOWER

6. I. Fascist governments were controlled by dictators who demanded loyalty from citizens
II. Fascists did not offer democracy and used one political party to rule the nation
III. But unlike Communists, fascists believed people could keep their property

7. IV. Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler believed in fascism: the idea that nations need strong dictators, total authority by one party, but that people can keep private property (as long as they remain loyal)

8. 2. In Italy, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party

9. a. Mussolini gained popularity by promising to revive the economy, rebuild the military, and expand Italy to create a new Roman Empire

10. b. Mussolini created the Blackshirts (his own private army) to enforce the goals of his Fascist Party

11. 3. By 1922, Mussolini was popular and powerful enough to lead a “March on Rome”, forcing the Italian king to name him prime minister of Italy

12. a. Mussolini ended democracy and all opposition parties
4. As prime minister, Benito Mussolini was known as “IL DUCE” (the chief)
a. Mussolini ended democracy and all opposition parties
b. Mussolini built up the military to create new jobs
c. He planned to conquer new territories in North Africa for Italy, creating a new Roman Empire

13. 1. The Nazis were a fascist group in Germany that wanted to overthrow the weak Weimar Republic

14. 2. Adolf Hitler was an early Nazi recruit and quickly rose to power in the party
3. Hitler was impressed by Mussolini and used many of his ideas to make the Nazi Party strong in Germany

16. a. The Nazis created their own militia called the Brownshirts

17. b. The Nazis attempted a violent takeover of the local government in Munich, but Hitler was arrested and jailed for 9 months

18. 4.While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) which outlined his plans for Germany
a. Hitler wrote that Germans were members of a master race called Aryans and all non-Aryans were inferior subhumans

19. b. Hitler also declared that Germans needed lebensraum (living space) and should get it by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia
c. He called the Versailles Treaty an outrage and vowed to regain land taken from Germany after World War I

20. 5. When Hitler was released from jail in 1924, he spent years organizing the Nazis into Germany’s most powerful political party

22. 6. In 1933, Hitler was named chancellor (prime minister) of Germany
a. As chancellor, Hitler used his power to name himself dictator

25. b. He called his government the Third Reich (3rd German empire) to promote pride and nationalism

26. c. Hitler put Germans to work by building factories, highways, weapons, and increasing the military

27. d. He created a new private army called the SS (Schutzstaffel, or “protective squad”) and a secret police called the Gestapo to eliminate rivals and control all aspects of Germany

28. 7. In 1935, Hitler began a series of anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) laws called the Nuremburg Laws that deprived Jews in Germany of the rights of citizens, forbade mixed German-Jewish marriages, and required Jews to always wear a yellow star

29. b. In 1938, Hitler ordered Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”), an organized series of attacks on Jewish people, their synagogues, and their businesses 29

30. 1. After WWI, Japan was the strongest nation in Asia and was ready to conquer new lands in Asia and the Pacific to provide resources for Japanese industry
2. Emperor Hirohito gave full control of the Japanese military to Hideki Tojo, who served as a military dictator

31. 1. Italy invaded Ethiopia and Albania
E. In the 1930s, Japan, Italy, and Germany began aggressively expanding into new territories; these actions led to World War II in 1939
2. Japan invaded Manchuria and northern China, then invaded Indochina and the East Indies
1. Italy invaded Ethiopia and Albania

32. 3. Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia
E. In the 1930s, Japan, Italy, and Germany began aggressively expanding into new territories; these actions led to World War II in 1939
3. Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia