1. Chapter 16 World War Looms 1930’s in Europe

2. Democracy to Dictatorships Russia Bolshevik Revolution-Vladimir Lenin – Democracy fails, Communism state established  Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, Soviet Union, USSR, 1922  Joseph Stalin takes control in 1924 -all economic activity placed under state control -establishes great industrial power by 1937 -responsible for 8 to 13 million deaths 1939 – totalitarian - state holds total authority over society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life http://www.history.co.uk/shows/the-world-wars/videos/the-world-wars-joseph-stalin

3. Italy Unemployment, strikes, some communist led Middle and upper class demand stronger leadership in govt Benito Mussolini – Powerful speaker – Played on communist fears – Established Fascist Party – stressed nationalism, state interests above individual, strong central leader w/small group of devoted party members 1922 appointed head of govt. by Italian King Il Duce – “the leader” September 1937 - allied with Germany

4. Germany Economic depression, low public morale, loss of national pride Loss of land and colonies, disarmed military Adolf Hitler - Jobless soldier – joins National Socialist German Workers’ Party, NAZI party – Powerful public speaker, quickly became party leader – Born in Austria, wanted to unite all German- speaking people – Wanted racial “purification” Aryan race – blond haired, blue-eyed Master Race http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/benito-mussolini/videos/adolf- hitler?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

6. NAZI Party - Nazism Based on extreme nationalism and racism Master Race – Aryans National Expansion – the need for more land German people desperate – looked to Hitler as their last hope 1933 - Hitler appointed chancellor, dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic Third Reich - – Third German Empire

7. HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WWI http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/benito-mussolini/videos/adolf-hitler

8. MEIN KAMPF My Struggle BOOK BY HITLER ON HIS POLITICAL VIEWS. IN THE BOOK HE BLAMED JEWS AND COMMUNISTS FOR ALL OF GERMANY'S PROBLEMS Cover page of German editions of Mein Kampf, written in 1924 while Hitler was imprisoned for staging a revolt

9. NAZI propaganda depicting the ideal Aryan member of the Master Race

10. Japan Military leaders take control of imperial govt. 1931 Militarists seize control of Manchuria (Chinese Province) League of Nations investigates, condemns Japan, Japan withdraws from League League does nothing Who’s watching this situation? – Hitler – Mussolini

11. Spain Civil War 1936 Francisco Franco rebelled against Spanish republic Western democracies remained neutral Soviet Union sent equipment Hitler and Mussolini backed Franco’s forces – Alliance formed – Franco’s forces win, Fascist dictator in control

12. American Isolationism Initially FDR was comfortable reaching out to other countries FDR recognizes the Soviet Union, agreed to exchange ambassadors Congress wanted isolationism 1935 Neutrality Acts – Outlawed arms sales or loans to… nations at war in civil war – Said since Japan hadn’t officially declared war on China, U.S. could still send arms and supplies to China