1. SSWH 18
The student will be able to identify the major political & economic factors that shaped world societies between WWI & WWII.

2. Totalitarianism
Form of government with a one-party dictatorship that controls every aspect of the lives of its citizens
Characteristics
Political enemies jailed/killed
Other political parties banned
Media controlled by gov’t
Propaganda
Denial of individual rights

3. USSR after the Revolution
Joseph Stalin
Took over the Communist Party after Lenin’s death in
Five Year Plans
Stalin’s economic plan that made the USSR self- sufficient.
Industrialization was a priority
Protected the USSR from the worst effects of the Great Depression.

4. Stalin’s Rule KGB Great Purge 1937-1938
Secret police that sought out political opponents and killed them or sent them to labor camps.
Great Purge
4 million people were killed under Stalin’s orders because they were seen as a threat to his power.
Most were sent to work camps called gulags where they were starved and worked to death.

5. Great Depression
The United States came out of WWI in the best shape economically.
The US loaned a lot of money to countries around the world to help them rebuild after the war.
By the 1920s, the US economy had gotten worse, so they tried to get countries to pay back their loans, which they couldn’t do.
A world-wide depression resulted
Long period where many people are without jobs. Spending by individuals, businesses, and governments goes down.
People blame their governments for this depression which opens the door for radical leaders to come to power.

6. Italy
After WWI, Italy was in chaos because their economy was in really bad shape
Italians were also upset because they didn’t think they had been treated fairly by the Treaty of Versailles. They had been promised land by the Allies in return for their help, but the Treaty of Versailles didn’t follow through with this promise.
Benito Mussolini
Promised to revive the economy & rebuild military
Fascism
Political party characterized by extreme nationalism & extreme militarism
Fascists gained in popularity until the King of Italy had no choice but to give power over to Mussolini in 1922

7. Mussolini’s Rule Black Shirts Focused on “shaping the youth”
Secret Police that found and punished dissidents
Focused on “shaping the youth”
Wanted to restore the glory of the Roman Empire
Focused on aggression and expansion

8. Germany After WWI, Germany was in chaos because:
Unhappy with terms of Treaty of Versailles
Dissatisfaction with the government put in place in Germany after the war (Weimar Republic)
National Socialist German Workers Party
AKA Nazi Party
Political party that began to rise in popularity in the late 1920s by promising to restore Germany to its former glory

9. Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (1925)
Book written by Hitler where he laid out his plans:
Germans (Aryans) master race
Blames Jews and other “undesirable races” for Germany’s loss in WWI and economic problems
Germans should control Europe
Treaty of Versailles is unfair and should be ignored
Became the leader of the Nazi Party in 1929

10. Adolf Hitler Elections of 1933 Brown Shirts Gestapo
Nazi party won a majority of the elections
Brown Shirts
Hitler’s supporters
Later becomes known as the SS
Enforced Hitler’s beliefs and policies by using terror and intimidation.
Gestapo
Secret Police