Injuries (password: firstaid) Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing
SHOCK Mechanism Heart Pump failure Blood vessels Pipe failure Blood Fluid loss Causes Bleeding Burns Head and spine injuries Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries Heart attack Asthma Poisoning …
SHOCK Mechanism Signs Initially: Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds Sweating As shock develops: Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips Weakness and dizziness Nausea and possibly vomiting Thirst Breathing is shallow Weak thready pulse As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens: Altered mental status Restlessness and aggressiveness Gasping for air Unconsciousness
SHOCK Mechanism Signs First aid interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
BLEEDING newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year adult Blood volume (ml) 20%
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Haemorrhage Arterial Venous Capillary
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet Amputation
BLEEDING External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree Second degree Third degree Risk Severity
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree Third degree
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness) Risk Severity
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical Stop burning ABCDE Treat Cause Cooling Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical ABCDE Treat Cause Remove chemicals Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
BURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical Risk VF cardiac arrest Respiratory arrest Muscle spasm Safety!!! Assess - CPR Treat Cause Cooling Dressing Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss First Aid Interventions
HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries
HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Scalp Facial
HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Cranium Base
HEAD INJURIES Wounds Fractures Brain injuries Concussion Contusion Compression First Aid Interventions Assess - CPR Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss
SPINAL INJURIES Responsive victim Unresponsive victim First Aid Interventions ABCDE Avoid unnecessary movement Treat for shock
CHEST INJURIES Injuries to the chest wall Open Closed Lung injury
CHEST INJURIES Rib fracture Flail chest First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Support chest wall Treat for shock
CHEST INJURIES Hemothorax Pneumothorax First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause Seal the wound Treat for shock Position
ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries
ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock Blow to the abdomen
ABDOMINAL INJURIES Closed injuries Open injuries Penetrating wound Protruding organs First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause dressing Treat for shock
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Fractures Dislocations Sprains Strains Open wounds
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Signs DOTS D eformity O pen wounds T enderness S welling
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS Signs CSM C irculation S ensation M ovement
BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIES AND OPEN WOUNDS First Aid Interventions Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Practice: Log-rolling technique
RESOURCES National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR. Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett 1C29-70E A27B4E 1C29-70E A27B4E