1. SHOCK

2. 2 What is Shock?  A condition of insufficient supply of blood reaching body tissues  Certain degree of shock is found in most illness or trauma situations Shock is progressive, rather than static condition  If the conditions causing the shock are not controlled, death may occur, even if the conditions are not fatal in their own right.

3. 3 Signs and Symptoms  Increased pulse rate  Decreased pulse strength  Pale, cool, clammy skin; delayed capillary refill; cool extremities,  Decreased LOC  Increased respiration rate  Thirst  High anxiety, restlessness, aggression  General weakness, dizziness, nausea  Drop in blood pressure

4. 4 Treating Shock  Treatment is the same, regardless of the cause or type: Administer oxygen Keep the patient warm Lay the patient down Treat the patient gently Give nothing by mouth Closely monitor the patient. Record vital signs and history. Reassure the patient Activate EMS and treat as Load and Go

5. Treatment  Do the following as required: Assure adequate breathing Move patient to recovery position in case of vomiting Assist patient to take medication Control bleeding, splint fractures and administer other first aid to address the cause of shock 5

6. 6 Types of Shock  Cardiogenic (pump problems) Caused by many heart problems  Hypovolemic (plasma problems) Caused by blood loss  Distributive types (pipe problems) Anaphylactic  Anaphylactic shock is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY  Caused by a severe allergic reaction  May cause severe swelling of the neck and face, blocking the airway

7. 7 Types of Shock Neurogenic  Caused by injury to the spinal cord  Disrupts nerve control of blood vessel walls Psychogenic (a.k.a. Fainting)  Caused by physical or emotional stress  Sudden dilation of peripheral blood vessels Septic  Caused by infection  Toxins cause dilation of bypassing vessels between arteries and veins, preventing blood from reaching cells via the capillaries