By: Larisa Rosas

A mood disorder involving manic episodes- intense and very disruptive experience of heightened mood, possibly alternating with major depressive episodes. Also known as manic depression. Bipolar disorder

Types of Bipolar Bipolar 1 o The diagnose used to describe a clinical course in which the individual experience one or more with the possibility. Bipolar 2 o The diagnose used to describe a clinical coarse in which the individual experience one or more major and at least one. hypo manic episode

Types of bipolar disorder  Cyclothymic disorder: Has milder mood changes.  Mixed bipolar : Is both mania and depression at the same time.  Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: A person with bipolar experiences four or more episodes within a year.

Vocabulary  Manic episode: characterized by - Extreme happiness -little need for sleep - Racing thoughts -hyperactivity - Rapid speech  Depressive episode: - Extreme sadness - feeling hopeless - Lack of energy -feeling helplessness

Vocabulary  Hypomanic episodes : More talkative / rapid speech higher self-esteem Excessive involvement In pleasurable activities.  Mixed episode: An episode that show symptoms of both mania and depression.

How episodes work

Associated Features Bipolar I  Easily distracted  Little need for sleep  Poor judgment  poor temper control  Lack self control  Overeating  Drinking / drug use  Very elevated mood/ talking a lot  Very high self- esteem  Upset Bipolar II  Sadness  Eating problems  Fatigue or lack of energy  Feeling worthless, guilty, hopeless  Loss of pleasure in activities  Loss of self- esteem  Thoughts of death  Trouble getting sleep

Associated features  DSM-IV-TR Criteria ( Bipolar I ) A. Presence of only one manic episode and no past major depressive episodes. B. The manic episode is not better Accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Psychotic Disorder not otherwise specified. Note: Recurrence is defined as either a change in polarity from depression or an interval of at least 2 months without manic symptoms.

Associated Features  DSM-IV-TR Criteria ( Bipolar II ) A. Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episodes. B. Presence (or history) of at least one Hypomanic Episode. C. There has never been a Manic Episode or a Mixed Episode. D. The mood symptoms in Criteria A and B are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder not otherwise specified.

Associated Features E. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Etiology  Genetic Runs in families  Biological Researchers believe that some neurotransmitters do not function properly in people that have bipolar.  Environmental: such as stress

 Bipolar disorder is less common than major depressive disorder  Of the U.S population 0.4% to 1.6%  It is equal in males and females. Prevalence

Treatment  Psychotherapy  Talk about moods, feeling, thoughts, and behavior  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Helps individuals to cope with their symptoms in a positive way  Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy  A combination of interpersonal therapy and CBT  helps the individual keeping the regular routines of everyday life.

Treatment  Psycho education  Teaches the individual how to manage the disorder and what the disorder is.  Medication  Mood stabilizers  Atypical antipsychotics  Calcium – channel blockers  Combination therapy

How can I prevent it?  There is not an exact way to prevent bipolar disorder  However, getting treatment as soon as possible can prevent from getting worse.  Be consistent with medication.  Avoid drugs and alcohol.

Prognosis  Mood stabilizers can help control the symptoms.  However, people with bipolar need support to take the medication.  Stopping medication can cause serious problems.  Suicide is very risky during the bipolar disorder.

Video 

Discussion question  Going back to the humanistic Perspective, what is it that a person who suffers from Bipolar Disorder is lacking from Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

References Halgin, R.R & Whitbourne, S.K.(2005). Abnormal psychology clinic perpectives on psychological disorders. New york, NY: Mc Graw- Hill. Mayo clinic staff. (1998). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved from polar-disorder/DS polar-disorder/DS00356 Medical encyclopedia. Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved from /pmt Tartakovsky, M. (2010). Bipolar disorder fact sheet. Psych central. Retrieved on April 20, 2012, from olar-disorder-fact-sheet/