1. Amendment 14 Defines citizenship – first a citizen of USA, then of the state makes states follow due process of the law guarantees equal protection of the law

2. Amendment 13 Ended slavery, except as punishment for a crime

3. Amendment 15 Gave the right to vote to black men

4. Amendment 19 Gave the right to vote to women

Amendment 26 Lowered the voting age to 18

6. Suffrage The right to vote First held by white, male property owners, then given to black men (a13), all women (a19), then age lowered to 18 (a26), residents of Washington DC in presidential elections (a23)

7. Miranda Rights Miranda v. Arizona Accused persons must be read their rights when they are arrested Right to remain silent Right to an attorney

8. Amendment 1 Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Right to Peaceable Assembly Right to petition the government

9. Amendment 2 Right to bear arms

10. Amendment 4 Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; must have a warrant that describes the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized

11. Amendment 5 Indicted by a grand jury for a capital offense No double jeopardy Can’t be forced to testify against yourself Guarantees due process of law Eminent Domain – the government may seize private land for public use, but they must pay a fair price

12. Amendment 6 Right to a speedy and public trial by jury Right to an attorney Right to know the charges against you Right to call witnesses in court

13. Amendment 7 Right to a jury trial in civil (non-criminal) cases where value is $20 or more

14. Amendment 8 No excessive bail or fines No cruel or unusual punishment

15. Amendment 9 Just because a right isn’t listed in the constitution, that doesn’t mean that you don’t have that right

16. Amendment 10 Powers not given to the federal government are held by the states or the people

17. Civil Rights Basic freedoms guaranteed by the constitution

18. Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ended segregation in public schools

19. Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case that said the Separate but Equal doctrine was okay

20. Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case where the court gave itself the power of Judicial Review Said courts could overturn laws it held to be unconstitutional

21. Jim Crow laws Laws meant to enforce racial segregation in the southern US

22. Double Jeopardy You can’t be tried twice for the same crime

23. Popular Sovereignty The people hold the ultimate power

24. Article 4 Relations between the states Official acts of states must be recognized by other states Admission of new states to the union States will send accused persons back to where the crime was committed (extradition)

25. Article 5 Amending the Constitution 2/3 of Congress must propose an amendment 3/4 of states needed to ratify an amendment

26. Article 6 Supremacy Clause – constitution is supreme over everything National laws over state laws

27. Article 7 Ratification of the Constitution 9 of 13 states necessary (all, really) Federalist papers – persuasive essays written for the people of New York to convince them to ratify the new constitution

28. Diff. between Fed/State Laws Federal laws cover the entire nation State laws only cover the specific state Federal laws are superior to state laws (Supremacy Clause)

29. Federalism Divides government’s power into national and state levels, with national level being more powerful (Supremacy Clause)