Carter, Chris, Emily, and Shelby

A mood disorder sometimes called manic- depressive illness or manic-depression that characteristically involves cycles of depression and elation or mania. Sometimes the mood switches from high to low and back again are dramatic and rapid, but more often they are gradual and slow, and intervals of normal mood may occur between the high (manic) and low (depressive) phases of the condition. The symptoms of both the depressive and manic cycles may be severe and often lead to impaired functioning.

 A leading theory is that brain chemicals fluctuate abnormally. When levels of certain chemicals become too high, the patient develops mania. When levels drop too low, depression may result  Genetics and a person’s family history appears to both have an influence on being diagnosed. It is more common with people who have a sibling or parent with the illness and in families having generations affected with mood disorders

 There or four types; mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed episodes.  Mania: feelings of heightened energy, creativity, and euphoria are common. People experiencing a manic episode often talk a mile a minute, sleep very little, and are hyperactive. They may also feel like they’re all-powerful, invincible, or destined for greatness. Mania is more common in the spring.  Depression: involves irritability, guilt, unpredictable mood swings, and feelings of restlessness. People with bipolar depression also tend to move and speak slowly, sleep a lot, and gain weight. They are more likely to develop psychotic depression–a condition in which they’ve lost contact with reality–and to experience major disability in work and social functioning. Depression usually more common in the winter. This is associated with the dark/light cycle.

-Mixed episodes: Common signs of a mixed episode include depression combined with agitation, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, distractibility, and racing thoughts. This combination of high energy and low mood makes for a particularly high risk of suicide. -Hypomania:is a less severe form of mania. People in a hypomanic state feel euphoric, energetic, and productive, but they are able to carry on with their day-to-day lives and they never lose touch with reality. Hypomania can result in bad decisions that harm relationships, careers, and reputations. In addition, hypomania often escalates to full-blown mania or is followed by a major depressive episode.

-there are no definitive answers as to exactly what causes it; however, bipolar disorder is biological as it affects a certain part of the brain where the neurotransmitters or the chemical messengers of the brain -which include serotonin and norepinephrine-, experience some type of malfunction. -Researchers believe that some individuals may be genetically predisposed to bipolar disorder which may lie dormant early on in life and suddenly activate on its own or become triggered by outside stress or environmental factors. -About fifty percent of individuals diagnosed with this disorder have a family member who has experienced a mood disorder or mental illness such as depression. - a traumatic event can cause it -alcohol or drug abuse could also trigger this disorder, not considered a cause though

 Medications such as Mood stabilizing medications. Taking a mood stabilizing medication can help minimize the highs and lows of bipolar disorder and keep symptoms under control. The medication must be adjusted by a professional so that the person has the right medication for the phase of bipolar they are in.  Lithium is an example of medications used as preventive measures, as they help control mood swings. And reduce frequency and the severity of the depressive and manic phases.  Psychotherapy such as Cognitive behavioural therapy. Working with a therapist, you can learn how to cope with difficult or uncomfortable feelings, repair your relationships, manage stress, and regulate your mood.  Education – Managing symptoms and preventing complications begins with a thorough knowledge of your illness. Education is a key component of treatment. The more you and your loved ones know about bipolar disorder, the better able you’ll be to avoid problems and deal with setbacks.

 Lifestyle management – By carefully regulating your lifestyle, you can keep symptoms and mood episodes to a minimum. This involves maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding alcohol and drugs, following a consistent exercise program, minimizing stress, and keeping your sunlight exposure stable year round.  Support –Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, and having a solid support system in place can make all the difference in your outlook and motivation. Participating in a bipolar disorder support group gives you the opportunity to share your experiences and learn from others who know what you’re going through. The support of friends and family is also invaluable.