Protein Synthesis Synthesis= the process of building or making DNA= (deoxyribonucleic acid) the genetic code or instructions for the cell RNA= ribonucleic.

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis

Synthesis= the process of building or making DNA= (deoxyribonucleic acid) the genetic code or instructions for the cell RNA= ribonucleic acid Amino Acids= building blocks of proteins

DNARNA Deoxyribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyriboseSugar= ribose Contains 1 more H atom than deoxyribose Double strandedSingle stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCGNitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil

/%7Ehos/images/rna.gif 2.clinicaltools.com/images/ gene/dna_ver sus_rna_rever sed.jpg

STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION= making RNA Location: Eukaryotes-nucleus Prokaryotes-cytoplasm 1. RNA polymerase binds to the gene’s promoter 2. The two DNA strands unwind and separate. 3. Complementary nucleotides are added using the base pairing rules EXCEPT: A=U The rest are the same C=G, T=A, G=C

Try this example. Using the following DNA sequence, what would be the complementary RNA sequence? ATCCGTAATTATGGC UAGGCAUUAAUACCG

1. Messenger RNA= mRNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein from a gene and delivers it to the site of translation. Codon= three nucleotide sequence Transfer RNA= tRNA single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end and has an anticodon Anticodon-a 3 nucleotide sequence that is complementary to an mRNA codon Ribosomal RNA= rRNA- a part of the structure of ribosomes

Codon and Anticodon Codon-found on mRNA Anticodon-found on tRNA demy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/images/codon_GCA. gif&imgrefurl= tology/genetics/&usg=__4MvAO2N3sXbERXQwODVDSqtsOj M=&h=160&w=168&sz=4&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=toyuIN8drV Br4M:&tbnh=94&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcodon%2 6gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den /kaiser/tRNA_arg.jpg

STEP 2-TRANSLATION- Assembling proteins- in the cytoplasm mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm tRNA molecules with the complementary anticodon and a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome where the mRNA is waiting. Peptide bond forms between amino acids tRNA molecule leaves and a new one comes with another amino acid. Amino acids continue to attach together until the stop codon and a protein is formed

SUMMARY Transcription= process of making RNA from DNA Translation= RNA directions are used to make a protein from amino acids DNA  RNA  Protein Transcription Translation nucleus Cytoplasm on ribosome

DNARNA Deoxyribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyriboseSugar= ribose Contains 1 more H atom than deoxyribose Double strandedSingle stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCGNitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil

Video Clips Gb7XN8&feature=relatedhttp:// Gb7XN8&feature=related b1D38&feature=relatedhttp:// b1D38&feature=related

DNA ReplicationRNA Transcription DNA polymerase is used.RNA polymerase is used. DNA nucleotides are linked. RNA nucleotides are linked. A DNA molecule is made. An RNA molecule is made. Both DNA strands serve as templates. Only one part of one strand of DNA ( a gene) is used as a template.

Explain the steps in protein synthesis. nfo/scireport/images/figu rea6.jpg

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