BIRTH CONTROL METHODS At some point in your lives you will choose to be sexually active. It is wise and responsible to know what choices are available to prevent pregnancy, and Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. Due to the fact that at this time in your lives you are not financially or emotionally capable of dealing with a child ABSTINENCE IS THE BEST CHOICE.

MINORS OF ANY AGE MAY CONSENT TO BIRTH CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA

Directions Get out a sheet of binder paper Fold it in half Fold it in half again You should have 4 squares or 4 quadrants on your paper. Title the top of each square the following….. (one title per square) What would you say? How do I put on a condom? Condom comebacks STI Protection

Statistics on Teens and Pregnancy Fewer than ½ of all high school students report having had sexual intercourse. A sexually active teenager who does not use contraceptives has a 85% chance of becoming pregnant within one year. Kaiser Family Foundation: U.S. Teen Sexual Activity. Jan 2005 Guttmacher Institute: Facts on American Teens’ Sexual and Reproductive Health. Sept. 2006

Behavioral Methods

Sexual Abstinence Abstinence is not having any type of sex: vaginal, anal, or oral. What are some ways to stay abstinent? Advantages: No STI, No Pregnancy, No worry, parents won’t be angry Disadvantages Effectiveness – 100%

** You are suppose to respond 4 of the 8 in the negative.** What Would You Say! How would you respond if someone said this to you… Respond in the square on your binder paper ** You are suppose to respond 4 of the 8 in the negative.** “If you loved me, you’d say yes.” “You owe me.” “You don’t know what your missing.” “I’ll leave you.” “Are you afraid” “Only a baby would say no.” “Don’t you want to see how it feels” “Just try it and if you don’t like it, I’ll stop.”

Male removes his penis from the female’s vagina before he ejaculates WITHDRAWAL Male removes his penis from the female’s vagina before he ejaculates Health concerns: pregnancy, STI’s Advantages: free, no prescription/medicine Disadvantages – pregnancy, STI, self control, trust, pre cum Effectiveness – 55% - 60%

How does it work: Block the sperm from meeting the egg. Barrier Method How does it work: Block the sperm from meeting the egg.

MALE CONDOM Advantages – Disadvantages – Health concerns – A thin piece of latex that fits over the erect penis and catches semen and pre-cum. Advantages – Helps protect from STIs & pregnancy Used only when needed Disadvantages – Must be put on right before intercourse Some people say the feeling is reduced Can break Health concerns – Some people might be allergic to latex Effectiveness – 85-98% - best when used with spermicide OVER – THE – COUNTER

Condom Line Up!

How Do I Put on A Condom? Get condoms Talk to your partner Check expiration date & pillow test Arousal Open condom Check which way it unrolls Add water base lubricant Pinch the tip and roll onto penis Sex Orgasm and/or ejaculation Hold onto the base of the condom Pull out Tie end of condom and throw away in trash

Condom demo video http://www.teachingsexualhealth.ca/teacher/resources/malecondomdemo.html

FEMALE CONDOM Polyurethane pouch that is inserted into the vagina – flexible ring keeps it in place Advantages – Helps protect from STIs and pregnancy Used only when needed Can be used by people with latex allergies Disadvantages – Takes practice putting it in may reduce feeling More expensive than male condoms Health concerns – None Effectiveness 79-95%

Female Condom Female Condom Demonstration Video

Dental Dam A thin piece of latex that is held over the genitals during oral sex. Dental Dam Demonstration Video

Condom Come Backs How would you respond if someone said this to you… Respond to 4 of the 5 in the square on your binder paper “It doesn’t feel good.” “Just this once.” “They don’t fit.” “It ruins the mood.” “You worried about catching something?”

Hormonal Methods Stops the release of an egg. How it works: Stops the release of an egg. Thickens cervical mucus, thus blocking sperm from entering the uterus.

A pill with hormones are taken once a day. THE PILL A pill with hormones are taken once a day. Advantages – Simple and easy to use. Does not interfere with sex. Less cramping during period. Less acne. Protects against certain cancers and osteoporosis. Can be used with condoms. Disadvantages – No protections against HIV or STIs Must remember to take every day. Possible side effects: mood changes, depression, nausea, breast tenderness and other discomforts

The Pill continued - Few problems for young women Health Concerns – Small chance of blood clots, heart attack, stroke Headaches, weight gain or loss, water retention Effectiveness – 92-99% Prescription must see a doctor available at clinics

The Pill

Seasonique®. Bleeding and spotting is more common with Seasonale. Allows women to have only 4 periods a year. Approved by the FDA in September 2003. 84 active pills and 7 reminder pills Bleeding and spotting is more common with Seasonale. Effectiveness – 99.7% when use correctly Prescription

LYBREL® is the first and only FDA-approved low dose combination birth control pill you take 365 days a year, without placebos. Stops periods completely, but women will sometimes experience break through bleeding.

The Patch- Ortho Evra® It is a thin, beige, plastic patch that sticks to the skin. A new patch is placed on the skin of the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or upper torso once a week for 3 out of 4 weeks. No patch is used in the 4th week. The Patch works best when it is changed on the same day of the week for 3 weeks in a row.

The Patch- Ortho Evra® Effectiveness – 99% Prescription Advantages – Same as the pill Disadvantages – No protection against STIs & HIV Health Concerns – Same as the pill, may cause higher risk of blood clots than the pill Effectiveness – 99% Prescription

The Patch

The Ring-- NuvaRing® It is a small, flexible ring that is inserted into the vagina once a month. It is left in place for 3 weeks and taken out for the last week. The Ring is simple, safe and convenient.

The Ring-- NuvaRing® Effectiveness – 99% Prescription Advantages – Same as the pill, usually decrease size and length of periods decrease cramps Disadvantages – Similar to the pill, may cause vaginal irritation Health Concerns – Does not protect against STIs & HIV Effectiveness – 99% Prescription

The Ring

The Ring

Implant Implanon®/Nexplanon It is a thin, flexible plastic implant about the size of a cardboard matchstick It is inserted under the skin of the upper arm (by a doctor) 

Implant--Implanon® Advantages – convenient, no need to remember to take a pill, works for up to 3 years Disadvantages – Most common negative side effect is irregular bleeding Health concerns – does not protect against STIs & HIV Effectiveness – 99% Prescription

Injection of hormones every 12 weeks. The Shot – Depo Provera Injection of hormones every 12 weeks. Advantages – Lasts 3 months May cause lighter period May protect against certain ovarian and uterine cancer Disadvantages – No protections against HIV or STIs May cause weight gain, irregular bleeding, mood swings… Health concerns - May cause loss of bone density Effectiveness – 99% Prescription

Depo-Provera

IUD – Intra Uterine Device T – shaped insert that doctors place into uterus Advantages – lasts 5 – 10 years. Effective immediately. Can be removed at any time Disadvantages – No protection against HIV or STDs Some clinics will not prescribe to teens Health concerns – may cause pelvic infection, especially if user has an STI, may cause ectopic pregnancy, or pregnancy outside uterus Effectiveness – over 99% Prescription - IMPLANT CHEMICAL OR HORMONAL

IUD

Emergency Contraception Also called EC, the "morning-after pill," or Plan B. They can reduce the risk of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. Anyone — no matter how old you are — can get Plan B One-Step, one brand of emergency contraception, over the counter without a prescription. All other brands of emergency contraception require you get a prescription if you're 16 or younger. EC can reduce the risk of pregnancy up to 120 hours after unprotected vaginal intercourse. work best when taken within 72 hours Disadvantage: no protection against STIs If taken with 72 hours they are 75% to 89% effective $10 - $70

STI Protection List the birth control methods that will help protect you from sexually transmitted infections. Respond in the square on your binder paper

Spermicide Chemical (nonoxynol-9) that kills sperm Advantages – Best when used with condoms, diaphragm & cervical cap Advantages – Lubrication may increase pleasure Disadvantages – No protection against HIV & STIs, Can be messy. Must be inserted right before intercourse Health concerns – Possible allergic reaction Frequent use may increase risk of HIV Effectiveness – 71-85% $4 - $8 OVER THE COUNTER - - CHEMICAL METHOD

REVIEW Types of Birth Control Use posters - behavioral, hormonal, barrier, chemical.

Today’s SPONGE Advantages – Disadvantages – Health Risks – Soft polyurethane foam sponge, containing spermicide nonoxynol-9, is inserted into the vagina before intercourse. (It must be wet and made foamy before using). Advantages – Can be placed in vagina up to 24 hours before intercourse Disadvantages – No protection against HIV & STIs, must be removed within 30 hours of insertion Health Risks – May cause allergic reaction, Increased risk of toxic shock syndrome Effectiveness – 84%-91% effective for women who have never given birth. 68%-80% for women who have given birth) OVER THE COUNTER - - CHEMICAL METHOD $7.50 - $9 for a 3 pack

Curable vs. not Curable Condom effectiveness STI Review Curable vs. not Curable Condom effectiveness

DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP Rubber cup or dome that acts as a barrier, blocking the sperm from passing through the cervix. Used with spermicide. Leave in for 6-8 hours after sex. Needs to be fitted by Doc. Advantages – Can be placed in vagina: cervical cap – 48 hours before sex Diaphragm – 2 hours before sex Disadvantages – Can be messy. Can become dislodged during sex. Might need refitting after childbirth or weight change. Health Risks - Allergy to spermicides. Not recommended if you have had TSS Effectiveness – cervical cap 68-91%, diaphragm 86-94% Prescription - - BARRIER METHOD

Draw how the hormonal method works Draw how the hormonal method works. Draw this picture and how hormonal method works. Draw in the square on your binder paper

TEACHERS - Teachers – the rest of this power point information comes from the comprehensive sexuality work shop. We are not going to use it.

It’s Back Sponge (84%-91% effective for woman who have never given birth. 68%-80% for women how have given birth) Over-the-counter A barrier method and uses spermicide Is inserted deep into the vagina before sex and blocks sperm from entering the uterus No STD protection

Work Cited 1Kaiser Family Foundation (May, 2006) Pregnancy & Childbirth | About 31% of Sexually Active U.S. Teenage Girls Become Pregnant, Report Says 2Wilkins, R. (2003). Contraception: Teaching About Methods of Protection. The State University of New Jersey Rutgers, Network for Family Life Education. 3Center for Disease Control. (2002) 4Henshaw, S. (1999). The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Unintended Pregnancy in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives. 30(1). 5Brick, P., & Taverner B. (2001). Educating About Abortion. Planned Parenthood of Greater Northern New Jersey.

According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy1 Of teenage girls nationally who get pregnant: 57% give birth 29% undergo abortion 14% experience a miscarriage

Most commonly used Birth Control Methods by teens Hormonal Methods Birth Control Pills (92%-99% effective) The Shot: Depo Provera (over 99.9% effective) The Patch (99% effective) The Ring (99% effective) IUD (99% effective) Emergency Contraception (75%-89% effective within the first 72 hrs). Most effective within 12 hrs of unprotected sex.

Most commonly used Birth Control Methods by teens Barrier Methods *help protect against STDs Male Condom (85%-98% effective) Female Condom (79%-95% effective) Behavioral Abstinence (100% effective) *protects against STDs Withdraw/Pull-Out (73% effective) No Method (90% chance of pregnancy within a year)

Contraceptive Use Among Teens About 1 in 6 teenage women practicing contraception combine two methods, primarily the condom and another method. 2 Teen pregnancy rates are dropping!! While 20% of the decline is because of decreased sexual activity, 80% is due to more effective contraceptive practices. 2 39% of 12th graders have NOT had sex.3 A woman who wants only two children will need to use birth control for at least 20 years of her life.4 98% of all women who have ever had intercourse have used at least one contraceptive method.3