1. Birth Control
How many couples out of 100 will get pregnant if they have unprotected sex for a year?
Answer:

2. Fertilization, Implantation, and Conception
the joining of the egg and sperm
resulting in a zygote

3. Definitions (cont) Implantation
fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus
Pregnancy Begins

4. How does pregnancy begin?
Egg is released from the ovary
Egg remains viable for hours
million sperm ejaculated
Sperm viable for up to 7 days (3-5 average)
6-10 days later, Zygote implants

5. Pregnancy in the US
About 850,000 teen pregnancies each year, 85% are unintended.
About 850,000 teen pregnancies each year, 85% are unintended.

6. Birth Control Another name is contraception
contra = against, conception
So it will prevent…Fertilization
or Implantation

7. Some methods… Take the egg out of the equation and others
Take the sperm out of the equation.

8. Birth Control
What methods have you heard of?

9. Birth Control The pill is just one type of birth control.
If you mean the pill when talking about birth control say the pill.

10. Failure Rate
the number of women out of 100 who get pregnant each year using a specific method of contraception
Perfect: Failure rate with correct/consistent use
Typical: Failure rate with user mistakes

11. Margin of Error
The difference between perfect use failure rate and typical use failure rate.
The larger the difference, the larger the margin of error due to user mistakes.

12. Contraceptive Options
Hormonal
Barrier
Other

13. Hormonal Methods Contain hormones Prevent ovulation*
Thicken cervical mucus to prevent fertilization*
Reduce the endometrium
Prescription only – except EC
*EC works a little differently

14. Hormonal Methods Implanon Depo-Provera Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
Patch (OrthoEvra)
The Pill
Emergency Contraception

15. Hormonal Methods Advantages
Regulate periods (pill, patch and ring)
Less menstrual cramping, flow, & PMS
Fewer ectopic pregnancies
Very effective pregnancy prevention
Low margin of error

16. Hormonal Methods Disadvantages
NO protection against Sexually Transmitted Infections
Several possible side effects (ie. nausea, breast tenderness, increased appetite, mood changes)
Less period regulation with progesterone only methods (ie. Depo-Provera and Implanon)

17. Advantages & Disadvantages
Method
Type
Failure rate
How does it work?
How is it used?
Advantages & Disadvantages
Where you get it.

18. Implanon 1 sub-dermal implant in arm for 3 years Highly effective
Progestin only
Irregular bleeding

19. Depo-Provera One shot every 12 weeks
By prescription & administered at health center
Irregular bleeding or loss
of period
Slow return of regular menstrual cycle

20. Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
Insert flexible ring into the vagina for 3 weeks
½ the amount of hormones of the pill
Less effective when using oil-based treatment for yeast infections

21. The Patch (OrthoEvra)
One new patch per week for 3 weeks; week 4 menstruation occurs
By prescription
Clean dry skin

22. The Pill 1 pill every 24 hours
Less effective when taking certain antibiotics

23. Emergency Contraception
Over the Counter - Plan B -best if taken within 72 hours
Prescription - Ella - within 120 hours (best if taken within 72 hours)
Prevents pregnancy 75% to 89% of the time
Will not terminate an existing pregnancy

24. Barrier Methods
Prevent sperm from entering the uterus & reaching the egg by putting a barrier between them

25. Barrier Methods
Male Condoms
Female Condoms
Sponge

26. Male Condoms Highly effective with correct use Latex or polyurethane
One time use only
Very good STI protection

27. Female Condom Made of polyurethane Inserted into the vagina
One time use only
Very good STI protection

28. Sponge Inserted in the vagina up to 24 hours before intercourse
Must remain in vagina for at least 6 hours after intercourse
Blocks, absorbs and kills sperm
Over the counter
Can cause irritation
Possibility of Toxic Shock Syndrome if worn longer than 30 hours

29. Abstinence Prevents the egg and sperm from meeting
Not having oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse
Highly effective when used perfectly
Some STI protection

30. Withdrawal Pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation
Requires great self-control & experience
Much better than using no contraception (using nothing has an 85 out of 100 failure rate)
No STI protection