1. The prevention of conception or impregnation
THE FACTS ABOUT
CONTRACEPTION
The prevention of conception or impregnation

2. TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION
HORMONAL METHODS
BARRIER METHODS
SURGICAL METHODS
BEHAVIORAL METHODS

3. Factors that affect the choice of method
Effectiveness
Convenience
Cost
Reversibility
Side effects & risks
Protection against STD’s

4. HORMONAL
METHODS

5. Oral Contraceptives: “The Pill”
How does the pill work?
Prevents release of an egg
Thickens cervical mucus (making it difficult for sperm to penetrate)
Advantages
Allows for spontaneity
Easy to use, just take 1 pill everyday
Reversibility, able to reproduce after the pill is discontinued
Regular cycle; less cramping & menstrual flow
Disadvantages
No protection vs. STDs
Must be taken daily
Temporary side effects
Smokers increase chance of heart
disease
Some women forget to take the pill
Cost: $20-$35/ month
Effectiveness: 92% %

6. Depo-Provera Injections
How Depo-Provera Works?
Prevents release of an egg
Thickens cervical mucus
Females must get an injection every 3 months
Advantages
Allows for spontinatiey
“private” prescription method
Disadvantages
No protection vs. STDs
Side effects cannot be reversed until medication wears off (12 wks)
Cost $50/injection + exam
Effectiveness 97%-99.7%

7. “Ortho-Evra”- Birth Control Patch
How it works?
Prevents release of egg; thickens cervical mucus
New patch is worn each week for 3 weeks
Advantages
Spontaneity
Change weekly
More regular periods; less cramping/flow
Disadvantages
No STD protection
Temporary side effects
Smoking increases risk of heart disease/stroke
Cost $30-$35/month + exam
Effectiveness up to 99.7%

8. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
Used to prevent pregnancy AFTER unprotected sex is performed: usually after regular method of contraception has failed, unprotected sex was forced, etc.
EC prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation, fertilization, or implantation
Can reduce the risk of pregnancy if started within 120 hours (5days) of unprotected sex
They work best when taken within 72 hours — during this time they can reduce the risk of pregnancy from 75 to 89 percent.
Nausea, vomiting, & cramping are common side effects
Should not be used as a primary use of contraception
COST $8 -$170
If exam is needed

9. BARRIER METHODS

10. MALE CONDOMS How condoms work? Cost: $.50 - up Effectiveness: 85%
Latex sheath placed over erect penis
Prevents semen from entering vagina
Advantages
Cheap & easy to buy
Protects vs. STDs
Disadvantages
Some people allergic to latex
Diminishes sensation & spontaneity
If not used correctly or if breakage happens, pregnancy/ STD can occur
Cost: $.50 - up
Effectiveness: 85%

11. How Female Condoms work?
Basically it’s a vaginal pouch
The man’s penis is inserted into the pouch once it’s inserted in the vagina
Advantages
Protection vs. STDs
Easy to buy
Disadvantages
May be difficult to insert/take out
Semen can spill out
May irritate vagina/penis
Cost: $2:50/condom
Effectiveness: 79%

12. Diaphragms/Cervical Caps
How they work
Cervical Cap- a latex, dome-shaped device fits over the cervix
Diaphragm- a dome-shaped rubber cup also covers cervix
Both block sperm from joining egg
Advantages:
No major health concerns
Disadvantages:
difficult to put in and taking out
Requires a prescription/possible refitting
Maybe messy - must be used with spermacide
Cost: $ exam Effectiveness: 84%-91%

13. SPERMICIDES How they work Advantages
Cheap & easy to get
Disadvantages
Not particularly effective when used alone
Must have Nonoxynol 9- to kill STDs
Cost: $8-$10
Effectiveness: 71%-85%
How they work
Chemicals destroy the sperm cell membrane
Spermicides can be foam, gel, cream, or suppositories
Mostly used with another form of contraception (condoms, cervical caps, & diaphragms)

14. NOT RECOMMENDED FOR TEENS
SURGICAL METHODS
NOT RECOMMENDED
FOR TEENS

15. Female Sterilization Tubal Ligation
HOW IT WORKS
an operation which blocks the tubes carrying a woman's egg to her uterus
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
PERMENANT
No protection against STD’s
EFFECTIVNESS:
99.5% %
COST
$2500

16. Male Sterilization Vasectomy
HOW IT WORKS
operation which blocks the vas deferens, which carry a man's sperm to the penis
This operation should be considered permanent
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
Permanent
No protection against STD’s
EFFECTIVENESS: 99.5%-99.9%
COST: $250-$1000

17. BEHAVIORAL METHODS

18. WITHDRAWAL HOW IT WORKS EFFECTIVENESS
The man pulls out his penis out of the vagina before he ejaculates to keep the sperm from joining the egg
EFFECTIVENESS
73%-96%
THIS METHOD IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR TEENS!!!
Many teens lack experience & self control to pull out in time
Some men cannot tell when they are going to ejaculate
Some men ejaculate very quickly
Before ejaculation, almost ALL penises leak pre-ejaculatory fluid which may contain sperm

19. THE BEST METHOD. . . ABSTINENCE
waiting to have sex until you are married
100% Effectiveness
No cost, side effects, STD’s or unwanted pregnancies
DISADVANTAGES???