Sports Psychology – Carron’s Model Year 12 Physical Education Studies – 3A/3B

Group Cohesion What is group cohesion? Group cohesion is a term used to describe the degree of which a team has bonded or is demonstrating collective cooperation. Can anyone provide an example of group Cohesion?

Group Cohesion There are two dimensions in group cohesion: Task Cohesion: Relates to the degree of commitment to group tasks and goals. Can anyone give me an example? Social Cohesion: Relates to the relationships and friendships between group member. How much team member like each other.

Carron’s Model Can anyone tell me what Carron’s model is? Carron’s model stats a group will form a bond if it has collective identity, a sense of shared purpose and a clear structure for communication. Can anyone explain this further?

Carron’s Model Carron’s model is developed various factors that affect group cohesion. Environmental Personal Leadership Team

Environmental Factors Can anyone tell me what would represent environmental factors? Environmental factors are general situational factors that help keep are group together, Transfer Rules Geographical Restrictions Contractual Obligations Primary Goal of the Team

Personal Factors Can anyone tell me what would represent the personal factors? Personal factors are the individual characteristics of group/team members. Task Motivation Affiliation Motivation Group Satisfaction Social Loafing

Leadership Factors Can anyone tell me what would represent some leadership factors? This includes leadership styles, behaviours, and relationships with the team and individual athletes. Some examples; A harmonious atmosphere encourages social cohesion Good Organisation encourages task cohesion

Team Factors Can anyone tell me what would represent some team factors? Team factors are variables that operate at a group level. Such as; Team Stability Team Success Desire for group success

Team Cohesion Here is a short video to show how important it is to have team cohesion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WURgIMeouw

Carron’s Model of Cohesion Environmental Factors: - Contractual Responsibility - Organised orientation Personal Factors: - Individual Orientation - Satisfaction - Individual differences Leadership Factors: - Leadership Behaviour Leadership style Coach-athlete Personalities Team Factors: Group Task Desire for group success Group orientation Group Productivity Team ability Team stability Individual Outcomes Behavioural consequences Absolute Performance Consequences Relative Performance Effectiveness Satisfaction Group Outcomes: Team stability Absolute Performance Effectiveness Relative Performance Effectiveness Cohesion: - Task Cohesion - Social Cohesion

Strategies to improve Group Cohesion: Coaches and leaders: Explain importance of individual roles Set challenging group goals Encourage group identity Avoid excessive turnover Know the team climate Group Members: Avoid forming cliques Get to know all other team mates Help other team mates when possible Give encouragement Seek to resolve conflicts immediately Give 100%

Social Loafing Can anyone explain to me what social loafing is? Is it the reduction in effort when working in groups, versus when working alone. Can anyone give an example of when they have experienced social loafing?

Question? Think of a sporting team of which you are a member. Using Carron’s model of group cohesion, identify the factors that are most significant in affecting group cohesion.