Chapter 31 Lesson 3 Diabetes Chronic Disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy 4 th leading cause of death by disease in the U.S. Each day about 1,700 new cases are diagnosed Can lead to blindness, kidney disease, nerve disease, amputations, and heart disease, and stroke

What Causes diabetes? In normal digestive process carbohydrates are changed to sugar glucose, then absorbed into the blood and delivered to body cells. Insulin is an essential link in that process

What Causes diabetes? In the case of Diabetes sufficient insulin is not produced or is not used efficiently When glucose is unable to enter the cells, it accumulates in the blood until the kidneys filter out some of the surplus, which is passed off in urine High sugar content in urine and blood is one of the signs of diabetes

R p With diabetes sufficient insulin is not produced or is not used sufficiently Glucose is unable to enter the cells, it accumulates in the blood until the kidneys filter out some of the surplus gluscose The extra glucose which is passed off in urine and in the blood is one of the surest signs that a person has diabetes

TWO TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 1 TYPE 2

TYPE 1 DIABETES Formerly known as insulin dependant Accounts for about 10 % of all cases Appears abruptly and progresses rapidly Mostly caused by malfunction of the immune system Immune system attacks insulin producing cells of the pancreas

Symptoms of type 1 Diabetes Frequent urination Abnormal thirst Unusual hunger Weight loss Weakness Fatigue Irritability

Type 2 Diabetes Formerly known as non-insulin dependant Metabolic disorder resulting from the body’s inability to make enough or properly use insulin Pancreas produces some insulin but cells cannot use the insulin effectively 80% of all type 2 diabetics are overweight at time of diagnosis Usually can be controlled by diet and exercise

Symptoms of type 2 Diabetes Excess weight Drowsiness Blurred vision, Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet Slower than normal healing of cuts and bruises Kidney and bladder infections 15.3 million have disease and Half do not know it

Arthritis Inflammation of a joint 40 million have severe enough for medical attention Most common types: Rheumatoid Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Most serious type Effects joints of hand and arms, hips, feet and legs Attacks connective tissue causing fever, fatigue and swollen lymph glands Causes joints to stiffen and swell No cure- can cripple

Osteoarthritis Most common type of arthritis Affects 16 million people Results from wear and tear on the joints Cartilage becomes worn or pitted or completely removed NO cure for arthritis Treatment includes exercise, weight control, eating right