Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. FOCUS TIP For additional advice see Dale Carnegie Training® Presentation Guidelines. Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUS

Actor Focus Verbal affixes Indicate that the focus (actor) of the sentence is doing the action of the verbIndicate that the focus (actor) of the sentence is doing the action of the verb The -UM- VerbThe -UM- Verb The MAG- VerbThe MAG- Verb The MA- VerbThe MA- Verb

The –UM Verbs This verb is formed by attaching the infix -UM- to the verb root. The -UM- affix always comes right before the first vowel of the root word. (samples are in the past tense/perfective aspect) –Kumain (kain) –Umalis (alis) –Tumakbo (takbo) –Pumunta (punta)

A major affix that is usually found in verbs denoting casual action and/or action not involving movement of an object external to the actor. Designates actor’s movement from one place to another Does not occur with roots/base words beginning with m or w

Sample sentences Kumain siya kagabi.Kumain siya kagabi. Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada, Arizona, at California noong Disyembre.Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada, Arizona, at California noong Disyembre. Umalis ang tatay kanina.Umalis ang tatay kanina.

Your Sample Sentences

Mag- Verbs These verbs are formed by attaching the prefix MAG- to the verb root. Because MAG- is a prefix, it is always attached to the front of the word. Magbigay (bigay) – to give Magluto (luto) – to cook Maglaro (laro) – to play Maghanda (handa) – to prepare

A major actor focus affix that connotes deliberate action involving movement of an object external to the actor. In a sentence, this verb requires a object or ng phrase. Used in verbalization of borrowed words magbusmagkompyutermagbasketbol

Sample Sentences (Past/Perfective) Nagbasketbol siya kapahon.Nagbasketbol siya kapahon. Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa mga bata noong Pasko.Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa mga bata noong Pasko. Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit kagabi.Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit kagabi.

Sample verbs that will take both um and mag affixes Magbasa – bumasaMagbasa – bumasa Magsulat – sumulatMagsulat – sumulat Magsayaw – sumayawMagsayaw – sumayaw

Your Sample Sentences

Ma Verbs This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare instances as an object affix.This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare instances as an object affix. It is also a prefix.It is also a prefix. –Matulog – tulog – to sleep –Maligo – ligo – to bathe –Matuto – tuto - to learn –Makinig – kinig – to listen –Mahuli – huli – to be late –Nanood – nood – to view or to watch

Used with inactive verbsUsed with inactive verbs As an Object affix (very rare)As an Object affix (very rare) –Makita – kita – to see Nakita niya si Ben. (past) He/She saw Ben.Nakita niya si Ben. (past) He/She saw Ben. –Mahalata – halata – to notice Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay. Ben noticed that father is angry.Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay. Ben noticed that father is angry.

Your Sample Sentences

Objects Focus Verbal Affixes These affixes indicate that the focus of the sentence is the object (receiver of the action). I verbs In verbs An Verbs

I- Affix Often denotes action affecting the position of the goal but not causing a change in its structure.Often denotes action affecting the position of the goal but not causing a change in its structure. This is usually the object affix counterpart of mag- verbsThis is usually the object affix counterpart of mag- verbs

Itapon – to throwItapon – to throw Iuwi – to take homeIuwi – to take home Iakyat – to bring up/to take upIakyat – to bring up/to take up Ialok – to offerIalok – to offer Ilabas – to take outIlabas – to take out

Command form Itapon mo ang basura sa labas.Itapon mo ang basura sa labas. Iuwi ninyo ang ulam para kay nanay.Iuwi ninyo ang ulam para kay nanay. Ilabas mo ang daing kasi mabaho.Ilabas mo ang daing kasi mabaho.

Your Sample Sentences

-In verbal affix Denotes action radically affecting the goal/object such as those causing the change in its structureDenotes action radically affecting the goal/object such as those causing the change in its structure It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root.It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root. Usually it is the object counterpart of –um.Usually it is the object counterpart of –um. –Inumin – inom – to drink –Lutuin – luto – to drink –Tapusin – tapos – to finish *** in suffixation o changes to u

Cooking verbs Tadtarin – tadtad – to chopTadtarin – tadtad – to chop Hiwain – hiwa – to sliceHiwain – hiwa – to slice Haluin – halo – to mixHaluin – halo – to mix

Command Form Haluin mo ang ulam.Haluin mo ang ulam. Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa.Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa. Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tagalog.Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tagalog. Lutuin mo ang isda.Lutuin mo ang isda.

Your Sample Sentences

-An Affix Typically denotes actions affecting the surface or appearance of the goal but not causing a change of its structureTypically denotes actions affecting the surface or appearance of the goal but not causing a change of its structure It is a suffixIt is a suffix Denote movement in relation to a goalDenote movement in relation to a goal Denote action typically involving a human goalDenote action typically involving a human goal Used in a few pseudo-verbsUsed in a few pseudo-verbs

Affecting the appearance but not causing changeAffecting the appearance but not causing change –Hugasan – hugas – to wash –Walisan – walis – to sweep –Bukasan/buksan – bukas – to open –Sarahan/ sarhan – sara – to close *** han is used if final letter of the root is a vowel a

Movement in relation to a goalMovement in relation to a goal –Abutan – abot – to pass something to –Dalahan/dalhan – dala – to bring something to –Lapitan – lapit – to approach someone –Puntahan – punta – to go to –Upuan – upo – to sit down on

Action involving a human/animate goalAction involving a human/animate goal –Halikan – halik – to kiss –Ngitian – ngiti- to smile at –Tulungan – tulong – to help

Your sample sentences: