Religious Reformations

Protestant Reformation Background Background Unequal Distribution of Wealth Unequal Distribution of Wealth Printing Press Printing Press Spread Renaissance ideas Spread Renaissance ideas Emphasis on social reform Emphasis on social reform Church as central force Church as central force

Protestant Reformation Church Abuses Church Abuses Fought many political wars about power and wealth Fought many political wars about power and wealth Popes Popes Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Had to finance new lifestyle Had to finance new lifestyle Increased fees on marriage and baptism Increased fees on marriage and baptism

Protestant Reformation Indulgences Indulgences Quicker exit from purgatory Quicker exit from purgatory Middle Ages- granted for good deeds Middle Ages- granted for good deeds Now- could be bought with money Now- could be bought with money Angered many Christians Angered many Christians

Protestant reformation Martin Luther Martin Luther German monk and professor of Theology German monk and professor of Theology Disillusioned with Church Disillusioned with Church 95 Theses 95 Theses Wittenberg Church offered indulgences Wittenberg Church offered indulgences Entrance into heaven for them and dead relatives Entrance into heaven for them and dead relatives

Protestant Reformation 95 Theses 95 Theses Last straw for Luther Last straw for Luther Wrote 95 Theses Wrote 95 Theses Posted on church Posted on church Distributed overnight Distributed overnight

Protestant Reformation Church immediately asked Luther to recant his views Church immediately asked Luther to recant his views Luther refused Luther refused Wrote more and urged people to reject Christian authority Wrote more and urged people to reject Christian authority Luther was excommunicated Luther was excommunicated

Protestant Reformation Charles V Charles V Called Luther to the Diet of Worms Called Luther to the Diet of Worms Ordered him to give up teachings Ordered him to give up teachings Luther refused Luther refused Declared an outlaw Declared an outlaw

Protestant Reformation Luther’s teachings Luther’s teachings All citizens have equal access to God through faith and the Bible All citizens have equal access to God through faith and the Bible Translated the Bible into German Translated the Bible into German Every town has a school Every town has a school Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saints Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saints

Protestant Reformation Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.) Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.) Mass was focused on sermon Mass was focused on sermon Nicknamed Protestants Nicknamed Protestants Many powerful followers Many powerful followers

Protestant Reformation Peace of Augsberg Peace of Augsberg Charles V and Lutheran Princes Charles V and Lutheran Princes Fought over Religion Fought over Religion Signed in 1553 Signed in 1553 Gave choice to Prince to pick either Catholic or Lutheran Gave choice to Prince to pick either Catholic or Lutheran

Protestant Reformation Switzerland Reformation Switzerland Reformation John Calvin John Calvin Trained as a priest and lawyer Trained as a priest and lawyer Shared in many of Luther’s beliefs Shared in many of Luther’s beliefs

Protestant reformation Switzerland Reformation (cont.) Switzerland Reformation (cont.) Predestination Predestination God had long ago determined who would gain salvation God had long ago determined who would gain salvation Saints and Sinners Saints and Sinners

Protestant Reformation Switzerland Reformation Switzerland Reformation Geneva Geneva Asked Calvin to run city Asked Calvin to run city Theocracy Theocracy Created Calvinism Created Calvinism

Protestant Reformation Calvinism Calvinism Very strict rules Very strict rules Ideas spread quickly Ideas spread quickly Caused many religious wars Caused many religious wars Catholics and Lutherans opposed Calvinism Catholics and Lutherans opposed Calvinism

English Reformation Henry VIII Henry VIII Strongly against protestant revolt Strongly against protestant revolt Had no male heir Had no male heir Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and have a son Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and have a son Pope said no Pope said no

English Reformation Henry VIII furious Henry VIII furious Took over English Church Took over English Church Killed anyone who disagreed Killed anyone who disagreed Anglican Church Anglican Church Kept mostly Catholic forms of worship Kept mostly Catholic forms of worship

English Reformation Henry VIII Died Henry VIII Died Edward VI took over Edward VI took over Strong Protestant Strong Protestant “Book of Common Prayer” “Book of Common Prayer” Required in Church services Required in Church services Moderate form of Protestant Service Moderate form of Protestant Service

English Reformation Edward VI died Edward VI died Mary Tudor took over Mary Tudor took over Henry VIII daughter Henry VIII daughter Returned England back to Catholicism Returned England back to Catholicism Burned people at the stake Burned people at the stake

English Reformation Mary Tudor died Mary Tudor died Elizabeth I took Over Elizabeth I took Over Henry VIII daughter Henry VIII daughter More Protestant More Protestant Elizabethan Settlement Elizabethan Settlement Compromise between Protestant and Catholic practices Compromise between Protestant and Catholic practices

English Reform Satisfied both religions Satisfied both religions Ended war and turmoil Ended war and turmoil Kept many Catholic traditions, but made England mainly Protestant nation Kept many Catholic traditions, but made England mainly Protestant nation

Catholic Reformation Pope Paul III Pope Paul III Wanted to revive moral authority of church Wanted to revive moral authority of church Stop Protestant push Stop Protestant push Council of Trent Council of Trent Met for almost 20 years Met for almost 20 years Reaffirmed Catholic views Reaffirmed Catholic views

Catholic Reformation Salvation comes through faith and good works Salvation comes through faith and good works Bible is not only source of truth Bible is not only source of truth Ends church abuses Ends church abuses Better educated clergy Better educated clergy

Catholic Reformation Inquisition Inquisition Fought Protestants Fought Protestants Church court used secret testimony, torture, and execution to find out information Church court used secret testimony, torture, and execution to find out information Brought newfound faith Brought newfound faith Jesuits Jesuits Theresa of Avila Theresa of Avila

Catholic Reformation Legacy Legacy Most Europeans remained Catholic Most Europeans remained Catholic Brought back many Protestant converts Brought back many Protestant converts Still many debates and wars about religion in Government Still many debates and wars about religion in Government

Catholic Reformation Persecution Persecution Witches Witches Belief in Christianity and magic Belief in Christianity and magic Jews Jews Most cities banned them Most cities banned them Ghettos Ghettos Placed many restrictions and expelled them Placed many restrictions and expelled them