yule, Politeness and interaction Pertemuan 9 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006

yule, Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat mendemonstrasikan face wants, negative dan positif face want dalam percakapan sehari hari (C3

yule, Materi outline Politeness Management of 'Face"Face wants Negative and Positive face

yule, Politeness (1) Definition: In language study: –A. how languages express the social distance between the speakers and their different role relationship; –B. how face-work, that is, the attempt to establish, maintain, and save face during conversations, is carried out in a speech community. (Richards, 1997)

yule, Politeness (2) Definition: ‘polite social behaviour’, or etiquette, within a culture. Some general principles for being polite within a particular culture; –Being tactful, generous, modest, and sympathetic toward others

yule, Face wants Definition: In communication between two or more persons, the positive image of one self that one shows or intends to show to the other participant. (Richards,1997) People’s expectations concerning their public self image. Self threatening act –If a speaker says something that represents a threat to another individual’s expectations regarding self image. A face saving act –The speaker say something to lessen the possible threat.

yule, Negative and positive face A person’s negative face is –the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. A person’s positive face is –The need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his, or her wants are shared by others. Negative face is the need to be independent and positive face is the need to be connected.

yule, Conclusion In language study, politeness involves two things; i.e. the language expressions used and the ‘face’

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Speech act classification (2) A. declaratives –A speech act which changes the state of affairs in the world. –E.g. during the wedding ceremony the act of marriage is performed when the phrase I now pronounce you man and wife is uttered. B. representatives –A speech act which describes states or events in the world, such as an assertion, a claim, a report. –E.g. the assertion: This is a German car. (Richards, 1997)

yule, Speech act classification (3) C. expressives –A speech act in which the speaker expresses feelings and attitudes about something, such as an apology, a complaint, to thank someone, to congratulate someone. –E.g. The meal was delicious D. directives –A speech act that has the function of getting the listener to do something, such as suggestion, a request, or a command. –E.g. Please sit down. E. commissives –A speech act that commits the speaker to doing something in the future, such as a promise or a threat. –E.g. If you don’t stop fighting, I’ll call the police (Richards, 1997)

yule, Speech act classification (4) C. expressives –A speech act in which the speaker expresses feelings and attitudes about something, such as an apology, a complaint, to thank someone, to congratulate someone. –E.g. The meal was delicious D. directives –A speech act that has the function of getting the listener to do something, such as suggestion, a request, or a command. –E.g. Please sit down. E. commissives –A speech act that commits the speaker to doing something in the future, such as a promise or a threat. –E.g. If you don’t stop fighting, I’ll call the police (Richards, 1997)

yule, Direct and Indirect Speech act Direct speech act –There is a direct relationship between a structure and a function –E.g. a declarative use in order to make declarative sentence. It’s cold outside. I hereby tell you about the weather Indirect speech act –There is an indirect relationship between a structure and a function. –E.g. we use a declarative sentence in order to make a request. It’s cold outside I hereby request of you that you close the door.

yule, Direct and Indirect Speech act Direct speech act –There is a direct relationship between a structure and a function –E.g. a declarative use in order to make declarative sentence. It’s cold outside. I hereby tell you about the weather Indirect speech act –There is an indirect relationship between a structure and a function. –E.g. we use a declarative sentence in order to make a request. It’s cold outside I hereby request of you that you close the door.