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Yule, 19921 Cooperation and implicature Pertemuan 4 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006.

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Presentation on theme: "Yule, 19921 Cooperation and implicature Pertemuan 4 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006."— Presentation transcript:

1 yule, 19921 Cooperation and implicature Pertemuan 4 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006

2 yule, 19922 Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan cooperative principles dalam menganalisa suatu percakapan (C3)

3 yule, 19923 Materi Outline The cooperative principles Hedges

4 yule, 19924 4.1 Cooperative principles (1) People involved in a conversation will cooperate with each other The cooperative principles: –Four maxims: Quantity Quality Relation Manner

5 yule, 19925 4.1 Cooperative principles (2) The maxims (Grice 1975) A. Quantity – gives as much as needed 1.Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange) 2.Do not make your contribution more informative that is required.

6 yule, 19926 4.1 Cooperative principles (3) The maxims (Grice, 1975) B. Quality – speak truthfully 1.Do not say what you believe to be false 2.Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence C. Relation – say things that are relevant

7 yule, 19927 4.1 Cooperative principles (4) The maxims (Grice, 1975) D. Manner – say things clearly and briefly 1.Avoid abscurity or expression 2.Avoid ambiguity 3.Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity) 4.Be orderly

8 yule, 19928 Conclusion In order to make a conversation understandable the speaker and hearer should follow the cooperative principles – the four maxims. The four maxims: Quantity Quality Relation Manner


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